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Olivera et al. Cancer Drug Resist 2019;2:53-68 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cdr.2018.25 Page 65

a few cases. Under our point of view, CPIC guidelines are currently the ones that reflect the most updated
information, evaluating a larger quantity of published data, and reaching more international experts’
consensus.

There are still many variants associated with drugs that have not reached sufficient evidence to be
implemented in clinical practice due to the lack of consensus in the studies or the disparity of results. For
this reason, PGx studies should continue to be carried out in order to reinforce those variants well described
and contribute to increase the evidence in those for which, at the moment, the evidence is not high enough
to consider their inclusion in clinical practice.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Desirée Ramal and Vanessa Segura for their support.

Authors’ contributions
Made substantial contributions to conception and design of the work and performed data analysis and
interpretation: Olivera G, Sendra L, Herrero MJ, Aliño SF
Provided administrative, technical, and material support, as well as the Clinicians perspective to the work
concept: Berlanga P, Gargallo P, Yáñez Y, Urtasun A, Font de Mora J, Castel V, Cañete A

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Ayudas a la Investigación, proyectos en salud 2016
and by Asociación Pablo Ugarte-APU.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2019.

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