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Franca et al. Cancer Drug Resist 2019;2:256-70 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cdr.2019.004 Page 267

CONCLUSION
With the development of highly efficient sequencing techniques and the expected more diffuse availability
of patient specific genotyping data, particularly for severe life threatening disease such as pediatric ALL,
thiopurines pharmacogenetics may significantly contribute to reduce adverse effects and improve efficacy,
by considering multilocus genotyping of TPMT and NUDT15. More research is needed to further improve
pharmacogenetics of thiopurines by including additional gene variants, such as ITPA and PACSIN2, to
obtain further clinical and mechanistic evidence.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Designed the review, performed literature search, wrote and revised the manuscript: Franca R
Performed literature search, wrote and revised the manuscript: Zudeh G
Performed literature search, wrote and revised the manuscript: Pagarin S
Designed the review and revised the manuscript: Rabusin M
Performed literature search, wrote and revised the manuscript: Lucafò M
Designed the review, performed literature search, wrote and revised the manuscript: Stocco G
Designed the review, wrote and revised the manuscript: Decorti G

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
This project is supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (Progetto Ricerca Corrente 5/2012).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2019.

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