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before performing study. If ethics approval for certain survey study is not required, authors must include a statement to
explain this clearly in the manuscript.
3.1.6 Trial Registration
AND requires all authors to register all relevant clinical trials that are reported in manuscripts submitted. AND follows the
World Health Organization (WHO)’s definition of clinical trials: “A clinical trial is any research study that prospectively
assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on
health outcomes. Interventions include but are not restricted to drugs, cells, other biological products, surgical procedures,
radiologic procedures, devices, behavioral treatments, process-of-care changes, preventive care, etc.”.
In line with International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendation, AND requires the registration
of clinical trials in a public trial registry at or before the time of first patient enrollment. AND accepts publicly accessible
registration in any registry that is a primary register of the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform or in
ClinicalTrials.gov. The trial registration number should be listed at the end of the Abstract section.
Secondary data analyses of primary (parent) clinical trials should not be registered as a new clinical trial, but rather
reference the trial registration number of the primary trial.
Editors of AND will consider carefully whether studies failed to register or had an incomplete trial registration. Because
of the importance of prospective trial registration, if there is an exception to this policy, trials must be registered and the
authors should indicate in the publication when registration was completed and why it was delayed. Editors will publish
a statement indicating why an exception was allowed. Please note such exceptions should be rare, and authors failing to
prospectively register a trial risk its inadmissibility to AND.
Authors who are not sure whether they need trial registration may refer to ICMJE FAQs for further information.
3.2 Research Involving Animals
Experimental research on animals should be approved by an appropriate ethics committee and must comply with
institutional, national, or international guidelines. AND encourages authors to comply with the AALAS Guidelines,
the ARRIVE Guidelines, and or the ICLAS Guidelines, and obtain prior approval from the relevant ethics committee.
Manuscripts must include a statement indicating that the study has been approved by the relevant ethical committee and the
whole research process complies with ethical guidelines. If a study is granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval,
the name of the ethics committee granting the exemption and the reason(s) for the exemption should be detailed. Editors
will take account of animal welfare issues and reserve the right to reject a manuscript, especially if the research involves
protocols that are inconsistent with commonly accepted norms of animal research.
3.3 Research Involving Cell Lines
Authors must describe what cell lines are used and their origin so that the research can be reproduced. For established cell
lines, the provenance should be stated and references must also be given to either a published paper or to a commercial
source. For de novo cell lines derived from human tissue, appropriate approval from an institutional review board or
equivalent ethical committee, and consent from the donor or next of kin, should be obtained. Such statements should be
listed on the Declaration section of Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate in the manuscript.
Further information is available from the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC). AND recommends
that authors check the NCBI database for misidentification and contamination of human cell lines.

3.4 Research Involving Plants
Experimental research on plants (either cultivated or wild), including collection of plant material, must comply with
institutional, national, or international guidelines. Field studies should be conducted in accordance with local legislation,
and the manuscript should include a statement specifying the appropriate permissions and or licenses. AND recommends
that authors comply with the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Species at Risk of Extinction and the Convention
on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
For each submitted manuscript, supporting genetic information and origin must be provided for plants that were utilized. For
research manuscripts involving rare and non-model plants (other than, e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana,
Oriza sativa, or many other typical model plants), voucher specimens must be deposited in a public herbarium or other
public collections providing access to deposited materials.
3.5 Publication Ethics Statement
OAE is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). We fully adhere to its Code of Conduct and to its Best
Practice Guidelines.
The Editors of AND enforce a rigorous peer-review process together with strict ethical policies and standards to guarantee to
add high-quality scientific works to the field of scholarly publication. Unfortunately, cases of plagiarism, data falsification,
image manipulation, inappropriate authorship credit, and the like, do arise. The Editors of AND take such publishing ethics
issues very seriously and are trained to proceed in such cases with zero tolerance policy.
Authors wishing to publish their papers in AND must abide to the following:
The author(s) must disclose any possibility of a conflict of interest in the paper prior to submission.
The authors should declare that there is no academic misconduct in their manuscript in the cover letter.
Authors should accurately present their research findings and include an objective discussion of the significance of their
findings.
Data and methods used in the research need to be presented in sufficient detail in the manuscript so that other researchers

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