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Dababneh et al. Art Int Surg 2024;4:214-32 Artificial
DOI: 10.20517/ais.2024.50
Intelligence Surgery

Review Open Access

Artificial intelligence as an adjunctive tool in hand
and wrist surgery: a review

1
2
2
Said Dababneh , Justine Colivas , Nadine Dababneh , Johnny Ionut Efanov 3
1
Center for Clinical Attitudes and Skills Training (CAAHC), Medical Simulation Center, University of Montreal, Montreal H3C
3J7, Quebec, Canada.
2
Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal H3C 3J7, Quebec, Canada.
3
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montreal H2X
3E4, Quebec, Canada.
Correspondence to: Dr. Johnny Ionut Efanov, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Montreal
Hospital Center (CHUM), 1051 Rue Sanguinet, Montreal H2X 3E4, Quebec, Canada. E-mail: johnny.ionut.efanov@umontreal.ca
How to cite this article: Dababneh S, Colivas J, Dababneh N, Efanov JI. Artificial intelligence as an adjunctive tool in hand and
wrist surgery: a review. Art Int Surg 2024;4:214-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ais.2024.50
Received: 15 Jul 2024 First Decision:12 Aug 2024 Revised: 17 Aug 2024 Accepted: 26 Aug 2024 Published: 2 Sep 2024

Academic Editor: Andrew A. Gumbs Copy Editor: Pei-Yun Wang Production Editor: Pei-Yun Wang

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently utilized across numerous medical disciplines. Nevertheless, despite its
promising advancements, AI’s integration in hand surgery remains in its early stages and has not yet been widely
implemented, necessitating continued research to validate its efficacy and ensure its safety. Therefore, this review
aims to provide an overview of the utilization of AI in hand surgery, emphasizing its current application in clinical
practice, along with its potential benefits and associated challenges. A comprehensive literature search was
conducted across PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Cochrane libraries, adhering to the Preferred reporting items for
systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search focused on identifying articles related to
the application of AI in hand surgery, utilizing multiple relevant keywords. Each identified article was assessed
based on its title, abstract, and full text. The primary search identified 1,228 articles; after the application of
inclusion/exclusion criteria and manual bibliography search of included articles, a total of 98 articles were covered
in this review. AI’s primary application in hand and wrist surgery is diagnostic, which includes hand and wrist
fracture detection, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), avascular necrosis (AVN), and osteoporosis screening. Other
applications include residents’ training, patient-doctor communication, surgical assistance, and outcome
prediction. Consequently, AI is a very promising tool that has numerous applications in hand and wrist surgery,
though further research is necessary to fully integrate it into clinical practice.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, hand surgery, wrist surgery

© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
indicate if changes were made.

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