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Author Instructions

2.3.2.4 Discussion
It is useful to begin the discussion by briefly summarizing the main findings, and explore possible mechanisms or
explanations for these findings. Emphasize the new and important aspects of your study and put your findings in the context
of the totality of the relevant evidence. State any limitations of your study, and explore the implications of your findings
for future research and for clinical practice or policy. Discuss the influence or association of variables, such as sex and/or
gender, on your findings, where appropriate, and the limitations of the data. Do not repeat in detail data or other information
given in other parts of the manuscript, such as in the Introduction or the Results section. Link the conclusions with the
goals of the study but avoid unqualified statements and conclusions not adequately supported by the data. In particular,
distinguish between clinical and statistical significance, and avoid making statements on economic benefits and costs
unless the manuscript includes the appropriate economic data and analyses. Avoid claiming priority or alluding to work
that has not been completed. State new hypotheses when warranted, but label them clearly.

2.3.2.5 Conclusion
It should state clearly the main conclusions and include the explanation of their relevance or importance to the field.

2.3.3 Back Matter
2.3.3.1 Acknowledgments
Anyone who contributed towards the article but does not meet the criteria for authorship, including those who provided
professional writing services or materials, should be acknowledged. Authors should obtain permission to acknowledge
from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgments section. This section is not added if the author does not have anyone to
acknowledge.

2.3.3.2 Authors’ Contributions
Each author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition,
analysis, or interpretation of data, or the creation of new software used in the work, or have drafted the work or substantively
revised it.
Please use Surname and Initial of Forename to refer to an author’s contribution. For example: made substantial contributions
to conception and design of the study and performed data analysis and interpretation: Salas H, Castaneda WV; performed
data acquisition, as well as provided administrative, technical, and material support: Castillo N, Young V.
If an article is single-authored, please include “The author contributed solely to the article.” in this section.

2.3.3.3 Availability of Data and Materials
In order to maintain the integrity, transparency and reproducibility of research records, authors should include this section
in their manuscripts, detailing where the data supporting their findings can be found. Data can be deposited into data
repositories or published as supplementary information in the journal. Authors who cannot share their data should state
that the data will not be shared and explain it. If a manuscript does not involve such issue, please state “Not applicable.” in
this section.
2.3.3.4 Financial Support and Sponsorship
All sources of funding for the study reported should be declared. The role of the funding body in the experiment design,
collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of the manuscript should be declared. Any relevant grant numbers
and the link of funder’s website should be provided if any. If the study is not involved with this issue, state “None.” in this
section.
2.3.3.5 Conflicts of Interest
Authors must declare any potential conflicts of interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the
representation or interpretation of reported research results. If there are no conflicts of interest, please state “All authors
declared that there are no conflicts of interest.” in this section. Some authors may be bound by confidentiality agreements.
In such cases, in place of itemized disclosures, we will require authors to state “All authors declare that they are bound by
confidentiality agreements that prevent them from disclosing their conflicts of interest in this work.”. If authors are unsure
whether conflicts of interest exist, please refer to the “Conflicts of Interest” of OAE Editorial Policies for a full explanation.

2.3.3.6 Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Research involving human subjects, human material or human data must be performed in accordance with the Declaration
of Helsinki and approved by an appropriate ethics committee. An informed consent to participate in the study should also
be obtained from participants, or their parents or legal guardians for children under 16. A statement detailing the name of
the ethics committee (including the reference number where appropriate) and the informed consent obtained must appear
in the manuscripts reporting such research.
Studies involving animals and cell lines must include a statement on ethical approval. More information is available at
Editorial Policies.