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Zanello et al. Rare Dis Orphan Drugs J 2023;2:9 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/rdodj.2023.04 Page 13 of 15

Diseases; Castleman Disease Collaborative Network; University of Pennsylvania, Center for Cytokine Storm
Treatment and Laboratory; Cell Therapies Research & Services Laboratory) who gave their time to fill in the
questionnaire and/or attend an interview. We are grateful for these reflections which helped formulate the
10 key factors.

Authors Contribution
Led the Task Force: Hivert V
Initiated the desk search analysis to identify cases of repurposed medicinal products into new indication in
rare diseases: Zanello G
Initiated the redaction of the manuscript: Hivert V, Zanello G
All the co-authors revised and approved the manuscript, and all the co-authors participated in the final
selection of use cases, the development of the questionnaire, the interviews and the result analysis.

Availability of data and materials
The datasets analyzed as sources for the lists are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Financial support and sponsorship
The IRDiRC Scientific Secretariat is funded by the European Union through the European Joint
Programme on Rare Disease under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme Grant Agreement N°825575. The Scientific Secretariat is hosted at the French Institute of
Health and Medical Research (INSERM) in Paris, France.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest. The findings and recommendations in this article
are those of the contributors, who participated based on their individual expertise and are responsible for
the contents, and do not necessarily represent the views of the members of the International Rare Diseases
Research Consortium (IRDiRC) nor any employers of the contributors.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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