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Figure 1. Strategies for constructing nanochannels, regulating nanochannels, and applications of 2D-material-based nanochannel
membranes.
Figure 2. Schematics of the main “top-down” synthesis strategies of 2D nanosheets. (A) Micromechanical cleavage exfoliation [171] .
Copyright 2012, Elsevier Ltd. (B) Ball milling shear-force exfoliation. (C) Sonication exfoliation [172] . Copyright 2018, Elsevier B.V. (D)
Electrochemical (E-Chem) exfoliation [38] . Copyright 2018, Springer Nature. (E) Ion/molecule intercalation [173] . Copyright 2017, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. (F) Thermal oxidation etching [47] . Copyright 2021, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
