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Archakova et al. Vessel Plus 2018;2:34 Vessel Plus
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.52

Review Open Access

Risk factors for atherosclerosis and vascular
calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes on
long-term hemodialysis

Tatyana Archakova, Liudmila Nedosugova

Endocrinology Department, Medical Faculty, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Correspondence to: Dr. Liudmila Nedosugova, Endocrinology Department, Medical Faculty, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State
Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia. E-mail: profmila@mail.ru

How to cite this article: Archakova T, Nedosugova L. Risk factors for atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in patients with
type 2 diabetes on long-term hemodialysis. Vessel Plus 2018;2:34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2018.52

Received: 8 Jul 2018 First Decision: 28 Aug 2018 Revised: 5 Sep 2018 Accepted: 10 Sep 2018 Published: 26 Oct 2018
Science Editor: Igor A. Sobenin Copy Editor: Cui Yu Production Editor: Zhong-Yu Guo

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for the progression of cardiovascular mortality, exacerbated by the
development of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy, which requires long-term hemodialysis (LTH).
However, in the case of LTH cardiovascular mortality exceeds that in the general population, especially in patients with
diabetes. The identification of risk factors for the progression of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in patients
with DM on LTH is of great importance for finding a more effective approach to the prevention of cardiovascular
mortality in a given cohort of patients. The presented review contains analysis of current literature data on the evaluation
of both traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity in order to improve the effectiveness of
therapeutic and diagnostic tactics.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, vascular calcification, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular mortality, haemodialysis

INTRODUCTION
According to the latest data, the number of patients with diabetes in the world over the past 10 years has more
than doubled, and according to the forecasts of the International Diabetes Federation, by the year 2,040, 642
million people will suffer from diabetes. In the Russian Federation, as in all countries of the world, there is a
high rate of increase in the incidence of diabetes. The most dangerous consequences of the global epidemic
of diabetes are its systemic vascular complications: diabetic nephropathy (DN), retinopathy, atherosclerotic
[1]
lesions , which are the main cause of disability and mortality in patients with diabetes. According to the
[2]
World Health Organization, more than 75% of patients with type 2 diabetes die due to vascular accidents .
© The Author(s) 2018. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long
as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license,
and indicate if changes were made.

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