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consequently could hinder the optimal treatment for many old patients. Recently, more advanced technologies
have been introduced to interventional cardiology platforms, a variety of medical therapy options have been
available, less invasive PCI approaches have been adopted, more advanced cardiac imaging modalities have
been improving, and more attention to elderly undergoing PCI has been given. Although that PCI mortality
rates are still practically higher among the elderly, many recent studies demonstrated that PCI is safe and
effective for this segment of the population and some adverse clinical outcomes became similar to those
occurring in younger patients. Thus, the decision to perform PCI should not merely rely on the patient’s
age. Instead, many other considerations should be taken into account such as the patient’s functional and/
or cognitive status, preferences, co-morbidities, current medications, and life expectancy. In addition, more
elderly must be a part of the future clinical trials and the safety and efficacy of all the available as well as the
emerging less invasive PCI strategies have to be investigated more thoroughly in order to provide a clearer
knowledge regarding the optimal utilization of PCI among the elderly.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Design: Arisha MJ, Rahouma M, Baudo M
Organization of the manuscript: Rahouma M, Baudo M
Literature search: Arisha MJ, Ibrahim DA, Abouarab AA, Mehta K
Manuscript writing: Arisha MJ, Ibrahim DA, Abouarab AA, Kamel MK
Figures arrangement: Arisha MJ, Kamel MK
References arrangement: Mehta K
Read and approved the final manuscript: Ibrahim DA, Rahouma M, Baudo M, Gaudino MFL

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.

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