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Author Instructions

2.3.2.4 Discussion
This section should discuss the implications of the findings in context of existing research and highlight limitations of the
study. Future research directions may also be mentioned.

2.3.2.5 Conclusion
It should state clearly the main conclusions and include the explanation of their relevance or importance to the field.
2.3.3 Back Matter
2.3.3.1 Acknowledgments
Anyone who contributed towards the article but does not meet the criteria for authorship, including those who provided
professional writing services or materials, should be acknowledged. Authors should obtain permission to acknowledge
from all those mentioned in the Acknowledgments section. This section is not added if the author does not have anyone to
acknowledge.

2.3.3.2 Authors’ Contributions
Each author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition,
analysis, or interpretation of data, or the creation of new software used in the work, or have drafted the work or substantively
revised it.
Please use Surname and Initial of Forename to refer to an author’s contribution. For example: made substantial contributions
to conception and design of the study and performed data analysis and interpretation: Salas H, Castaneda WV; performed
data acquisition, as well as provided administrative, technical, and material support: Castillo N, Young V.
If an article is single-authored, please include “The author contributed solely to the article.” in this section.

2.3.3.3 Availability of Data and Materials
In order to maintain the integrity, transparency and reproducibility of research records, authors should include this section
in their manuscripts, detailing where the data supporting their findings can be found. Data can be deposited into data
repositories or published as supplementary information in the journal. Authors who cannot share their data should state
that the data will not be shared and explain it. If a manuscript does not involve such issue, please state “Not applicable.” in
this section.

2.3.3.4 Financial Support and Sponsorship
All sources of funding for the study reported should be declared. The role of the funding body in the experiment design,
collection, analysis and interpretation of data, and writing of the manuscript should be declared. Any relevant grant numbers
and the link of funder’s website should be provided if any. If the study is not involved with this issue, state “None.” in this
section.
2.3.3.5 Conflicts of Interest
Authors must declare any potential conflicts of interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the
representation or interpretation of reported research results. If there are no conflicts of interest, please state “All authors
declared that there are no conflicts of interest.” in this section. Some authors may be bound by confidentiality agreements.
In such cases, in place of itemized disclosures, we will require authors to state “All authors declare that they are bound by
confidentiality agreements that prevent them from disclosing their conflicts of interest in this work.”. If authors are unsure
whether conflicts of interest exist, please refer to the “Conflicts of Interest” of OAE Editorial Policies for a full explanation.

2.3.3.6 Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate
Research involving human subjects, human material or human data must be performed in accordance with the Declaration
of Helsinki and approved by an appropriate ethics committee. An informed consent to participate in the study should also
be obtained from participants, or their parents or legal guardians for children under 16. A statement detailing the name of
the ethics committee (including the reference number where appropriate) and the informed consent obtained must appear
in the manuscripts reporting such research.
Studies involving animals and cell lines must include a statement on ethical approval. More information is available at
Editorial Policies.
If the manuscript does not involve such issue, please state “Not applicable.” in this section.
2.3.3.7 Consent for Publication
Manuscripts containing individual details, images or videos, must obtain consent for publication from that person, or in
the case of children, their parents or legal guardians. If the person has died, consent for publication must be obtained from
the next of kin of the participant. Manuscripts must include a statement that a written informed consent for publication was
obtained. Authors do not have to submit such content accompanying the manuscript. However, these documents must be
available if requested. If the manuscript does not involve this issue, state “Not applicable.” in this section.