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Hegazy et al. Vessel Plus 2021;5:46 Vessel Plus
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2021.52

Review Open Access

ENT manifestations of Granulomatosis with

polyangiitis

3
1,2
Mohamed Tharwat Hegazy , Hamdy Ahmed , Ahmad Mohamed Eltelety 4
1
Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562,
Egypt.
2
Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Newgiza University, Giza 12256, Egypt.
3
Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology at University of South Alabama, AL 36617, USA.
4
Otolaryngology Department, Al Kasr Al Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
Correspondence to: Dr. Mohamed Tharwat Hegazy, MD, Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Al Kasr Al Ainy street, El Manial, Cairo 11562, Egypt. E-mail:
dr_moh_tharwat@kasralainy.edu.eg
How to cite this article: Hegazy MT, Ahmed H, Eltelety AM. ENT manifestations of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Vessel Plus
2021;5:46. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2021.52

Received: 29 Mar 2021 First Decision: 17 May2021 Revised: 24 May 2021 Accepted: 3 Jun 2021 First online: 15 Jun 2021

Academic Editor: Luca Quartuccio Copy Editor: Yue-Yue Zhang Production Editor: Yue-Yue Zhang

Abstract
Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) symptoms represent the most frequent manifestations at the onset of granulomatosis
with polyangiitis (GPA). The diagnosis of the localized form of GPA remains challenging thus contributing to the
delay at the beginning of treatment. This could lead to major sequelae due to tissue destruction. Otolaryngologists
play a key role in collaboration with rheumatologists in early GPA diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians should
maintain a high index of suspicion and proceed to a more comprehensive evaluation in cases of imperfect response
to treatment or with unexplained atypical findings. The challenging issue in localized organ involvement during
GPA is to determine whether the non-specific local upper aerodigestive symptoms are caused by a specific or a
non-specific inflammatory process. The role of surgery becomes crucial in cases of laryngeal involvement. Life-
threatening airway compromise necessitates urgent surgical intervention. There is an emerging role in the local
ENT therapies.

Keywords: ENT, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, vasculitis, local therapies

© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
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