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de Toledo et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2022;9:5 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2021.103 Page 5 of 11

Table 1. Outcomes of women undergoing dilation for urethral stricture
Study Mean age Concomitant Postop. Success Follow-up
Authors Year n Complications
type (years) procedure SUI (%) (months)
[21]
Romman et al. 2015 Original 93 51 No No 51 46 No
Article
Popat and 2016 Original 30 55 No No 43 59 No
Zimmern [22] Article
[23]
Spilotros et al. 2017 Original 8 45 No No 0 35 No
Article
Tao et al. [24] 2018 Original 9 54 No No 67 12 No
Article
Lane et al. [25] 2020 Original 75 56 No No 68 12 No
Article
Summary 215 53.2 54.5 34.1

SUI: Stress urinary incontinence.

Table 2. Outcomes of women undergoing flap urethroplasty for urethral stricture
Study Mean age Concomitant Postop. Success Follow-up
Authors Year type n (years) procedure SUI (%) (months) Complications
Simonato et al. [29] 2010 Original 6 67 No No 100 70 No
Article
Önol et al. [26] 2011 Original 10 46 No No 100 36 No
Article
[30]
Kowalik et al. 2014 Original 5 49 Yes (sling & No 60 47 No
Article nephrectomy)
[21]
Romman et al. 2015 Original 28 51 No No 68 52 No
Article
[28]
Romero-Maroto et al. 2016 Original 9 56 No No 89 80 No
Article
[24]
Tao et al. 2018 Original 12 54 No No 100 12 No
Article
[31]
Hajebrahimi et al. 2019 Original 14 54 No Yes 100 16 UUI & SUI
Article
[25]
Lane et al. 2020 Original 68 56 Yes (15%) Yes 83 12 Yes (15%)
Article
Summary 152 54.2 84.5 28.7
SUI: Stress urinary incontinence; UUI: urge urinary incontinence.

although some authors suggest that the latter is superior since it does not result in a retrusive meatus and an
inward urinary stream . On the contrary, Simonato et al. reported no complications with the lateral flap
[29]
[28]
technique.
The advantages of using local flaps rely on their robust vascularity and adequate mobility characteristics
along with relatively low morbidity. Acceptable complication rates were reported with these procedures,
[4]
with only 3.7% de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI) noted . Furthermore, in patients with
concomitant SUI, a pubovaginal sling could be placed without major impediments [25,30] . In one series, a sling
[31]
was necessary due to persistent SUI 12 months after surgery .

Some authors opine that patients who required intermittent self-catheterization for a short period after
urethroplasty should not be considered a failure . In addition, it is debatable whether estrogen status may
[32]
affect local tissue use. Finally, an important limitation of flap utilization is local tissue health. Flaps should