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Zhang et al. Plast Aesthet Res 2024;11:23 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2023.111 Page 9 of 14

Table 3. Rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (roe) questionnaire [42]

(1) How well do you like the appearance of your nose?

(2) How well are you able to breathe through your nose?

(3) How much do you feel your friends and loved ones like your nose?

(4) Do you think your current nasal appearance limits your social or professional activities?

(5) How confident are you that your nasal appearance is the best that it can be?

(6) Would you like to surgically alter the appearance or function of your nose?

Not at all (0) - Somewhat (1) - Moderately (2) - Very Much (3) - Completely (4)

Each item is graded 0 (least satisfaction) to 4 (maximum satisfaction). Add the total for each question, divide by 24, multiply by 100. Results
range from 0-100, with 0 = minimum satisfaction to 100 = maximum satisfaction.

Table 4. FACE-Q [44]

I. Satisfaction with Nose
How satisfied are you with
i. the overall size of your nose?
ii. how straight your nose looks?
iii. how well your nose suits your face?
iv. the length of your nose?
v. the width of your nose at the bottom (from nostril to nostril)?
vi. how the bridge of your nose looks (where the glasses sit)?
vii. how the tip of your nose looks?
viii. the shape of your nose in profile (side view)?
ix. how your nose looks in photos?
x. how your nose looks from every angle?
Very dissatisfied (1) - Somewhat dissatisfied (2) - Somewhat satisfied (3) - Very satisfied (4)
II. Adverse Effects Regarding the Nose
How much have you been bothered by…
i. The skin of your nose looking thick or swollen?
ii. Tenderness (e.g., when wearing sunglasses)?
iii. Difficulty breathing through your nose?
iv. Unnatural-appearing bumps or hollows on your nose?
Not at all (1) - A little (2) - Moderately (3) - Extremely (4)

Screening tools may be of benefit in the office evaluation. Lekakis et al. suggested consideration of routine
implementation of screening tools available to assist in preoperative determination of BDD, due to the
significant proportion of rhinoplasty patients found to be affected by BDD. Gorney et al. created a schema
with patient level of concern on the y-axis and degree of deformity on the x-axis, suggesting that patients
with a minor deformity but extreme concern are most likely to be dissatisfied with whatever the surgical
[32]
outcome might be .

Overall, PROMs and validated, standardized questionnaires such as ROE and FACE-Q can be useful tools
for rhinoplasty surgeons to assess their patients’ preoperative and postoperative satisfaction and quality of
life more objectively. By reviewing PROM data, surgeons can see with which types of patients and in what
[45]
domains of success they achieve . The information provides feedback to surgeons and can also be used as a