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Table 2. Outcome measures reported in nerve transfer surgery in cervical spinal cord injury articles

Outcome measures
Author, Year Strength / Movement F(x)-al PROM Others Video
test
General Systemic Disease
[20]
Benassy 1965 MMT (custom) Custom observational yes
reports
[21]
Kiwerski 1982 Custom grasp rating no
Krasuski & Kiwerski 1991 [63] Custom hand function no
rating
Bertelli 2010 [27] MMT (MRC) yes
[26]
Bertelli et al. 2011 MMT (MRC) no
[28]
Bertelli et al. 2012 MMT (MRC) Dynamometry yes
[13]
Friden & Gohritz 2012 MMT (MRC) no
[14]
Mackinnon et al. 2012 MMT (MRC) Custom observational yes
reports
[29]
Bertelli & Ghizoni 2013 MMT (MRC) Dynamometry yes
van Zyl et al. 2014 [15] MMT (MRC) Custom COPM yes
measurementsDynamometry
Bertelli & Ghizoni 2015 [17] MMT (MRC) Custom observational yes
reports
Fox et al. 2015 [12] MMT (MRC) Custom patient- no
reported functional
results
[30]
Hawasli et al. 2015 MMT (MRC) no
[31]
Bertelli & Ghizoni 2016 MMT (MRC) yes
[18]
Bertelli & Ghizoni 2017 MMT (MRC) yes
[32]
Emamhadi & Andalib 2018 MMT (MRC) Custom observational yes
reports (ADLs)
[33]
Fox et al. 2018 MMT (MRC) Dynamometry Custom patient- no
reported functional
results
Dibble et al. 2019 [34] MMT (MRC) Semmes-Weinstein - no
sensory
Khalifeh et al. 2019 [16] MMT (MRC) Donor muscle (MRC) SHFT SF36 MHQDASH no
[23]
van Zyl et al. 2019 MMT (MRC) Dynamometry ARATGRT COPM SCIM Sensation, yes
proprioception, and pain
Custom satisfaction
scale (Likert scale)
Biondi et al. 2020 [35] MMT (MRC) Custom no
measurements
van Zyl et al. 2021 [36] MMT (MRC) Custom patient yes
Goniometer satisfaction - 5 pt Likert
scale
[37]
Waris et al. 2021 MMT (MRC) no
Waris et al. 2022 [43] MMT (MRC) Dynamometry no
[47]
Javeed et al. 2022 MMT (MRC) SHFT SF36 MHQDASH yes
[50]
Sacco et al. 2022 MMT (MRC) GRASSP SCIM no
N: number of study participants; F(x)-al: functional; PRO: patient-reported outcome measures; MMT: manual muscle testing; MRC: medical
research council; ROM: range of motion; SHFT: Sollerman Hand Function Test; ARAT: Action Research Arm Test; GRT: Grasp and Release Test;
SF36: short form-36; COPM: Canadian Occupational Performance Measure; MHQ: Michigan Hand Questionnaire; DASH: Disabilities of Arm,
Shoulder, and Hand; SCIM: Spinal Cord Independence Measure.

validated questionnaires about quality of life, independence, and ability to perform ADLs. Finally,
additional customized questionnaires, assessment tools and the inclusion of visual content (such as