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Husein et al. One Health Implement Res 2023;3:16-29 One Health &
DOI: 10.20517/ohir.2022.32
Implementation Research

Original Article Open Access

Assessing bait acceptance of local dogs, oral rabies
vaccination success and human contact risk in Bali,

Indonesia

2
1,*
2
3
Wahid Fakhri Husein , Irene Linda Megawati Saputra , Pebi Purwo Suseno , I Made Arthawan , I Made
5
4
4
1
4
2
Angga Prayoga , Joko Daryono , Ad Vos , Arief Wicaksono , Luuk Schoonman , John Weaver , Nuryani
Zainuddin 2
1
Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Jakarta
12550, Indonesia.
2
Directorate of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia.
3
Bali Provincial Animal Health Services, Bali 80236, Indonesia.
4
Australia Indonesia Health Security Partnership, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia.
5
Ceva SA, Veterinary Public Health, Dessau-Rosslau 06861, Germany.
* Correspondence to: Dr. Wahid Fakhri Husein, Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations (FAO ECTAD), Harsono RM Street No 3, Ragunan, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia. E-mail:
w.fakhri.h@gmail.com
How to cite this article: Husein WF, Saputra ILM, Suseno PP, Arthawan IM, Prayoga IMA, Daryono J, Vos A, Wicaksono A,
Schoonman L, Weaver J, Zainuddin N. Assessing bait acceptance of local dogs, oral rabies vaccination success and human
contact risk in Bali, Indonesia. One Health Implement Res 2023;3:16-29. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ohir.2022.32
Received: 15 Sep 2022 First Decision: 17 Mar 2023 Revised: 31 Mar 2023 Accepted: 17 Apr 2023 Published: 25 Apr 2023
Academic Editors: Jorg Heukelbach, Charles E. Rupprecht, Olivier Sparagano Copy Editor: Ke-Cui Yang Production Editor: Ke-
Cui Yang
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to identify the preferred bait of local dogs in Bali and estimate oral rabies
vaccination (ORV) success in locations with varying geographic and demographic conditions. In addition, an
evaluation of potential direct and indirect contact with the placebo sachet contents was conducted.

Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in two pilot areas of Bali using imported and
hand-made baits. All dogs were offered a single bait containing a sachet of blue-dyed water using the “hand-out
and retrieve” technique. Several methods were used to determine the likelihood of contact with the placebo
vaccine. Comparing ORV with capture-vaccinate-release (CVR) methods, field officers were given Google Forms
questions to answer. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate contingency table testing, followed by the
development of a multiple logistic regression (MLR) model.

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
indicate if changes were made.

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