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technological innovations. Exploring new applications within the realm of synthetic biology offers avenues
for further development and application. In the future, advanced technologies emerging from synthetic
biology, structural biology, and AI are expected to significantly contribute to research in the field of
engineered bacteria.

DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
The authors greatly appreciate https://scidraw.io/, https://www.vecteezy.com/, and https://BioRender.com,
three excellent sites that provide authors with some image material.

Authors’ contributions
Literature searching and manuscript writing: Luo Z, Qi Z
Article revisions: Qi Z, Chen T
Theme formulation and procedure supervision: Luo Z, Qi Z, Luo J, Chen T
All authors have checked and agreed to the submitted version.

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
Chen T is a Junior Editorial Board member of the journal Microbiome Research Reports. Chen T was not
involved in any steps of editorial processing, notably including reviewers’ selection, manuscript handling,
and decision-making. The other authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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