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Page 6 of 12 Funahashi et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2018;2:27 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2018.28

Table 1. Patient characteristics of the APR and SPR groups
SPR (n = 73) APR (n = 17) P value
Gender (%) 0.256
Male 49 (67.1) 14 (82.4)
Female 24 (32.9) 3 (17.6)
Age, years (range) 61 (33-79) 69 (40-80) 0.013
2
BMI, kg/m (range) 23.3 (16.7-32.9) 21.6 (17.5-32.8) 0.160
Pre-CRT (%) 14 (19.2) 1 (5.9) 0.286
Operation type 0.040
Open 33 (45.2) 13 (76.5)
Laparoscopic 40 (54.8) 4 (23.5)
Quality of TME (%) 1.000
Complete 69 (94.5) 17 (100)
Near complete 1 (1.4) 0
NE 3 0
Circumferential resection margin (%) 1.000
Negative 68 (93.1) 17 (100)
Positive 2 (2.7) 0
NE 3 0
Maximum tumor size in specimen, mm (range) 34.5 (8-109)
Pathological TNM staging 0.243
I 27 (37.0) 3 (17.6)
II 23 (31.5) 9 (52.9)
III 22 (30.1) 4 (23.5)
NE 1 (1.4) 1 (6.0)
Data shown as median (range) or n (%). BMI: body mass index; Pre-CRT: preoperative chemoradiation therapy; TME: total mesorectal
excision; TNM: tumor-node-metastasis; SPR: sphincter-preserving resection; APR: abdominoperineal resection; NE: not evaluated

Table 2. Recurrence after surgery
SPR (n = 73) APR (n = 17) P value
Recurrence (%) 13 (17.8) 5 (29.1) 0.317
Local 5 (6.8) 0 0.248
Distant 8 (11.0) 5 (29.1)
Liver 2 2
Lung 5 1
Other 1 2
Median follow-up period, days (range) 3958 (2778-6583)
Data shown as n (%).SPR: sphincter-preserving resection; APR: abdominoperineal resection

differences in either were observed between the 2 groups (P = 0.751 and P = 0.892, respectively). The 5-year
overall survival rate in the patients who underwent SPR was 100% for those with stage I disease, 86.5% for
stage II disease, and 72.1% for stage III disease [Figure 2].

Functional results
During a median follow-up period of 1450 days (range 475-2544 days), 11 patients did not respond to the
questionnaire. Surveys were stopped in 4 patients because of cancer recurrence. Two patients did not con-
sent to an ileostomal closure. One patient required a permanent colostomy because of a perineal hernia
after a pelvic-bone fracture. Ultimately, anal function was assessed in 55 of the 73 SPR patients (75.3%): 18
conventional CAA patients, 22 partial ISR patients, and 15 massive ISR patients [Table 4]. The functional
outcomes of the 3 groups are shown in Table 5.

A significant difference in the WI score (P = 0.005), LARS score (P = 0.002), and VAS score (P = 0.047) was
observed between the 3 groups.