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Author Instructions

            Perspective  A Perspective provides personal  2000 max  Unstructured abstract.   3-8   /
                         points of view on the state-of-the-  No more than 150 words. keywords
                         art of a specific area of knowledge
                         and its future prospects. Links
                         to areas of intense current
                         research focus can also be made.
                         The emphasis should be on a
                         personal assessment rather than
                         a comprehensive, critical review.
                         However, comments should be
                         put into the context of existing
                         literature. Perspectives are
                         usually invited by the Editors.
            Brief        Brief communications are timely,  1500 max  Unstructured abstract.   3-6   The brief
            Communication peer-reviewed, and short (2-4       No more than 150 words. keywords  communication is a
                         journal pages). These may be                                      one body text with
                         used to report new developments,                                  maximum 4 items
                         significant advances, and                                         (figures and tables) and
                         novel aspects of experimental                                     12 references.
                         and theoretical methods and
                         techniques which are relevant for
                         scientific investigations within
                         the journal scope.

           2.3 Manuscript Structure
           2.3.1 Front Matter
           2.3.1.1 Title
           The title of the manuscript should be concise, specific and relevant, with no more than 16 words if possible. When gene or
           protein names are included, the abbreviated name rather than full name should be used.

           2.3.1.2 Authors and Affiliations
           Authors’ full names should be listed. The initials of middle names can be provided. Institutional addresses and email
           addresses for all authors should be listed. At least one author should be designated as corresponding author. In addition,
           corresponding authors are suggested to provide their Open Researcher and Contributor ID upon submission. Please note
           that any change to authorship is not allowed after manuscript acceptance.

           2.3.1.3 Abstract
           Original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses require structured abstracts. The abstract should provide the
           context or background for the study and should state the study’s purpose, basic procedures (selection of study participants,
           settings, measurements, analytical methods), main findings (giving specific effect sizes and their statistical and clinical
           significance,  if  possible),  and  principal  conclusions.  It  should  emphasize  new  and  important  aspects  of  the  study  or
           observations, note important limitations, and not overinterpret findings. Clinical trial abstracts should include items that the
           CONSORT group has identified as essential. It is not allowed to contain results which are not presented and substantiated in
           the manuscript, or exaggerate the main conclusions. Citations should not be included in the abstract.

           2.3.1.4 Graphical Abstract
           The graphical abstract is essential as this can catch first view of your publication by readers. We request the authors submit
           an eye-catching figure during the revision stage. It should summarize the content of the article in a concise graphical
           form. It is recommended to use it because this can make online articles get more attention. The graphic abstract should be
           submitted as a separate document in the online submission system along with the revised version. Please provide an image
           with a minimum of 730 × 1,228 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 7 × 12 cm
           using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, PSD, AI, JPG, JPEG, EPS, PNG, ZIP and PDF files.

           2.3.1.5 Keywords
           Three to eight keywords should be provided, which are specific to the article, yet reasonably common within the subject
           discipline.

           2.3.2 Main Text
           Manuscripts of different types are structured with different sections of content. Please refer to Types of Manuscripts to
           make sure which sections should be included in the manuscripts.
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