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Author Instructions

If a large multiple-author group has conducted the work, the group ideally should decide who will be authors before the
work starts and confirm authors before submission. All authors of the group named as authors must meet all the four
criteria for authorship.
AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author.

5. Reviewers Exclusions
You are welcome to exclude a limited number of researchers as potential editors or reviewers of your manuscript. To
ensure a fair and rigorous peer review process, we ask that you keep your exclusions to a maximum of three people. If you
wish to exclude additional referees, please explain or justify your concerns - this information will be helpful for editors
when deciding whether to honor your request.

6. Editors and Journal Staff as Authors
Editorial independence is extremely important and OAE does not interfere with editorial decisions. Editorial staff or
editors shall not be involved in the processing their own academic work. Submissions authored by editorial staff/editors
will be assigned to at least two independent outside reviewers. Decisions will be made by other editorial board members
who do not have conflict of interests with the author. Journal staffs are not involved in the processing of their own work
submitted to any OAE journals.
7. Policy of the Use of AI and AI-assisted Technologies
7.1 AI Authorship
Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies (e.g., large language models) are increasingly employed in content creation.
However, their use in manuscript preparation is strictly limited:

• Prohibited applications: These tools must not be used to perform core research tasks, including generating scientific
insights, analyzing/interpreting data, or drawing scientific conclusions.
• Permitted applications: They may only be used to enhance manuscript readability and language quality.

All AI technologies must be used under human oversight, as they may produce inaccurate or biased content. AI tools
cannot be listed as authors/co-authors or cited as such. Authors retain full responsibility for all content, including AI-
generated material.
Exceptions for methodological use:
If AI tools are integral to the research design/methodology, authors must:
1. Document usage transparently in the Materials and Methods section, specifying:
• Tool/model name
• Version/extension number
• Manufacturer
2. Include a declaration titled “Declaration of Generative AI Use” before the reference section, stating:
“During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used [TOOL NAME] due to [reason]. The author(s) reviewed and
edited all AI-generated content and accept full responsibility for the published material.”
Note: No declaration is required for basic grammar/spelling checkers or reference managers.

7.2 Generative AI in Visual Content
OAE prohibits the use of generative AI/AI-assisted tools to create or modify images, including:
• Graphical abstracts
• Cover images
• Figures within manuscripts

Permitted adjustments limited to:
• Brightness/contrast correction
• Color balance optimization
provided these edits do not obscure, delete, or misrepresent original image data.
7.3 AI Use in Peer Review
Confidentiality requirements:
• Reviewers must not upload manuscripts/materials to AI platforms, as this:
1. Violates OAE’s confidentiality policies
2. Risks intellectual property infringement
3. May compromise personal data in identifiable content

Review integrity standards:
• Peer review must remain human-driven - AI tools cannot replace critical scholarly judgment.

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