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Author Instructions

placed in square brackets and the corresponding references are cited thereafter. If the number of authors is less than or equal
to six, we require to list all authors’ names. If the number of authors is more than six, only the first three authors’ names are
required to be listed in the references, other authors’ names should be omitted and replaced with “et al.”. Abbreviations of
the journals should be provided on the basis of Index Medicus. Information from manuscripts accepted but not published
should be cited in the text as “Unpublished material” with written permission from the source.
References should be described as follows, depending on the types of works:

Types Examples
Journal articles by Weaver DL, Ashikaga T, Krag DN, et al. Effect of occult metastases on survival in node-negative
individual authors breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:412-21. [PMID: 21247310 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1008108]
Organization as author Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants
with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension 2002;40:679-86. [PMID: 12411462]
Both personal authors and Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One Study Group. Sexual dysfunction
organization as author in 1,274 European men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2003;169:2257-61.
[PMID: 12771764 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000067940.76090.73]
Journal articles not in Zhang X, Xiong H, Ji TY, Zhang YH, Wang Y. Case report of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
English encephalitis in child. J Appl Clin Pediatr. 2012;27:1903-7. (in Chinese)
Journal articles ahead of Odibo AO. Falling stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates in twin gestation: not a reason for
print complacency. BJOG. 2018; Epub ahead of print [PMID: 30461178 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15541]
Books Sherlock S, Dooley J. Diseases of the liver and billiary system. 9th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Sci Pub;
1993. pp. 258-96.
Book chapters Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein
B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. pp. 93-
113.
Online resource FDA News Release. FDA approval brings first gene therapy to the United States. Available from:
https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm574058.htm. [Last accessed
on 30 Oct 2017]
Conference proceedings Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings of the 5th Germ Cell
Tumour Conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New York: Springer; 2002.
Conference paper Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort statistic for genetic
programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG, editors. Genetic
programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming;
2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin: Springer; 2002. pp. 182-91.
Unpublished material Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of balancing selection in Arabidopsis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Forthcoming 2002.
Thesis or dissertation Cable ML. Life in extreme environments: lanthanide-based detection of bacterial spores and other
sensor design pursuits. Ph.D. Dissertation, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 2010.
Available from https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05102010-145436548 [accessed 29
December 2023].
Thesis or dissertation in Enander RT. Lead particulate and methylene chloride risks in automotive refinishing. Ph.D. Thesis,
print Tufts University, Medford, MA, 2001.
Website World Health Organization Home Page. Available from https://www.who.int/ [accessed 29 December
2023].
Newspaper Beauge J. School district sued over burns girl suffered during chemistry class demonstration.
PennLive (Harrisburg, PA), November 17, 2018, updated November 17, 2018. Available from https://
www.pennlive.com/news/2018/11/school_district_sued_over_burn.html [accessed 29 December
2023].
Database SpectraBase. Bio-Rad Laboratories. Available from https://spectrabase.com/ [accessed 29 December
2023].
Patent Stern MK, Cheng BKM. Process for preparing N-(p-nitroaryl)amides via reaction of nitrobenzene
with nitriles. US 5380946, 1995.
Preprint Yamamoto TS, Inui R, Tada Y, Yokoyama S. Prospects of detection of subsolar mass primordial black
hole and white dwarf binary mergers. arXiv 2004;arXiv:2401.00044. Available from https://arxiv.org/
abs/2401.00044 [accessed 29 December 2023].
For other types of references, please refer to U.S. National Library of Medicine.
The journal also recommends that authors prepare references with a bibliography software package, such as EndNote to
avoid typing mistakes and duplicated references.

2.3.3.10 Supplementary Materials
Additional data and information can be uploaded as Supplementary Material to accompany the manuscripts. The Additional
data and information can be uploaded as Supplementary Materials to accompany the manuscripts. The supplementary

Mini-invasive Surgery IX