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Page 416 Saneto. J Transl Genet Genom 2020;4:384-428 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2020.40

Other than the few disorders that can be treated by cofactor/vitamins, the vast majority of mitochondrial
diseases remain without satisfactory treatments. An example of the advancement in mitochondrial
medicine has been the proliferation of clinical trials [369] . Unfortunately, early results of some of these trials
has still not led to FDA approved medications for mitochondrial disease. However, the breadth of cellular
metabolic integration under mitochondrion control has been greatly expanded by gene discovery. The
expansive range of mitochondrial physiological functions suggests no single treatment will correct all
disease. Therapy will have to be targeted to specific mechanisms. Increased gene discovery with biological
integration of multiple physiological functions will need to drive precision drug discovery for various
mitochondrial diseases.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
The author contributed solely to the article.

Availability of data and materials
All data can be found in journal articles as referenced. Articles are listed in the NIH database, PubMed
available pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Financial support and sponsorship
The author was partially supported by NIH (5U54NS078059-09 and RO1 FD005407).

Conflicts of interest
The author declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020.

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