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Author Instructions

to present and discuss their findings concisely.
2.4.3 Language
Manuscripts must be written in English.

2.4.4 Multimedia Files
The journal supports manuscripts with multimedia files. The requirements are listed as follows:
Video or audio files are only acceptable in English. The presentation and introduction should be easy to understand. The
frames should be clear, and the speech speed should be moderate.
A brief overview of the video or audio files should be given in the manuscript text.
The video or audio files should be limited to a size of up to 500 MB.
Please use professional software to produce high-quality video files, to facilitate acceptance and publication along with the
submitted article. Upload the videos in mp4, wmv, or rm format (preferably mp4) and audio files in mp3 or wav format.
2.4.5 Figures
Figures should be cited in numeric order (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2) and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;
Figures can be submitted in format of tiff, psd, AI or jpeg, with resolution of 300-600 dpi;
Figure caption is placed under the Figure;
Diagrams with describing words (including, flow chart, coordinate diagram, bar chart, line chart, and scatter diagram, etc.)
should be editable in word, excel or powerpoint format. Non-English information should be avoided;
Labels, numbers, letters, arrows, and symbols in figure should be clear, of uniform size, and contrast with the background;
Symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters used to identify parts of the illustrations must be identified and explained in the
legend;
Internal scale (magnification) should be explained and the staining method in photomicrographs should be identified;
All non-standard abbreviations should be explained in the legend;
Permission for use of copyrighted materials from other sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial
figures and images from the internet, must be obtained. It is authors’ responsibility to acquire the licenses, to follow any
citation instruction requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.
2.4.6 Tables
Tables should be cited in numeric order and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;
The table caption should be placed above the table and labeled sequentially (e.g., Table 1, Table 2);
Tables should be provided in editable form like DOC or DOCX format (picture is not allowed);
Abbreviations and symbols used in table should be explained in footnote;
Explanatory matter should also be placed in footnotes;
Permission for use of copyrighted materials from other sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial tables
from the internet, must be obtained. It is authors’ responsibility to acquire the licenses, to follow any citation instruction
requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.

2.4.7 Abbreviations
Abbreviations should be defined upon first appearance in the abstract, main text, and in figure or table captions and used
consistently thereafter. Non-standard abbreviations are not allowed unless they appear at least three times in the text.
Commonly-used abbreviations, such as DNA, RNA, ATP, etc., can be used directly without definition. Abbreviations in
titles and keywords should be avoided, except for the ones which are widely used.

2.4.8 Italics
General italic words like vs., et al., etc., in vivo, in vitro; t test, F test, U test; related coefficient as r, sample number as n,
and probability as P; names of genes; names of bacteria and biology species in Latin.

2.4.9 Units
SI Units should be used. Imperial, US customary and other units should be converted to SI units whenever possible. There
is a space between the number and the unit (i.e., 23 mL). Hour, minute, second should be written as h, min, s.

2.4.10 Numbers
Numbers appearing at the beginning of sentences should be expressed in English. When there are two or more numbers
in a paragraph, they should be expressed as Arabic numerals; when there is only one number in a paragraph, number < 10
should be expressed in English and number > 10 should be expressed as Arabic numerals. 12345678 should be written as
12,345,678.

2.4.11 Equations
Equations should be editable and not appear in a picture format. Authors are advised to use either the Microsoft Equation