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Author Instructions

or Editors shall not be involved in the processing their own academic work. Submissions authored by editorial staff/
Editors will be assigned to at least three independent outside reviewers. Decisions will be made by other Editorial Board
members who do not have conflict of interests with the author. Journal staffs are not involved in the processing of their
own work submitted to any OAE journals.

7. Policy of the Use of AI and AI-assisted Technologies in Scientific Writing

7.1 AI Authorship
Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies (e.g., large language models) are increasingly employed in content creation.
However, their use in manuscript preparation is strictly limited:

Prohibited applications: These tools must not be used to perform core research tasks, including generating scientific
insights, analyzing/interpreting data, or drawing scientific conclusions.
Permitted applications: They may only be used to enhance manuscript readability and language quality.

All AI technologies must be used under human oversight, as they may produce inaccurate or biased content. AI tools cannot
be listed as authors/co-authors or cited as such. Authors retain full responsibility for all content, including AI-generated
material.
Exceptions for methodological use:
If AI tools are integral to the research design/methodology, authors must:
1. Document usage transparently in the Materials and Methods section, specifying:

Tool/model name
Version/extension number
Manufacturer

2. Include a declaration titled “Declaration of Generative AI Use” before the reference section, stating:
“During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used [TOOL NAME] due to [reason]. The author(s) reviewed and edited
all AI-generated content and accept full responsibility for the published material.”
Note: No declaration is required for basic grammar/spelling checkers or reference managers.

7.2 AI-Generated Figures and Images
This policy outlines the acceptable use of generative AI technologies, including Large Language Models (e.g., ChatGPT,
Jasper) and text-to-image generators (e.g., DALL-E 2, Midjourney, Stable Diffusion), in the creation or modification of
manuscripts submitted to OAE.

Graphical abstracts
Cover images
Figures within manuscripts
7.2.1 Acceptable Use
Authors may use AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT, Jasper) to create or edit figures and images, ensuring compliance with OAE’s
editorial and ethical standards.

7.2.2 Accuracy
AI-generated figures must accurately reflect the data in the manuscript. Authors are responsible for ensuring data integrity
and proper representation.

7.2.3 Acknowledgment
If AI tools are used for figures, authors must disclose this in the manuscript, including the tool’s name, version, model,
source, input prompts, and output.

7.2.4 Ethical Compliance
AI-generated content must adhere to ethical standards, avoiding plagiarism or misrepresentation. Authors must verify the
accuracy of AI-generated content.
7.2.5 Supplementary Files
Authors are encouraged to submit AI prompts and outputs as supplementary files for transparency.
7.2.6 Disclosure in Methods
The use of AI tools should also be disclosed in the methods section if applicable.