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Page 4 of 8 Palmieri et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2020;6:55 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2020.105

Tot. mutated gene 17 11 6 6 3 9 3 3 5 3 5 1 4 3 3 2

x x
ROS1
x

SF3B1
x

PMS2
x

MSH6
x

MLH1
x
MTOR
x

GNAQ
x x

GNAS
x x

SMAD4
x x x
BRCA2
x
x
ESR1
x x x
PTEN
x
CCND3
x

CCND1
x
CDKN2A
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
TP53
x x x x x
PIK3CA
x x
AKT1
x x x x
KRAS
x

NRAS
x x combination with TP53 were EGFR and PIK3CA in 20% of cases, KRAS and ERBB2 in 16% of cases, FGFR3 and BRCA2 in 15% of cases, or less frequently Early dissemination of resistant tumor cells is the major cause of metastatic recurrence in cancer patients [6] . Currently, tissue biopsy remains the gold standard. However, it is jeopardized by the wide heterogeneity that is frequently found between different r

BRAF
x x x x

FGFR3
x x x
x x
EGFR
x x
FGFR2
x
FGFR1
x x x x

ERBB2
x

MET
x

MAP2K1
Table 1. Mutated genes identified at second liquid biopsy time
x x

MYC
x x

CTNNB1
x

APC
x x
JAK2
x

AR
x

KEAP1
x
NFE2L2
x

IDH2
x x
with other genes for a total number of 14 genes.
NF2
x

ABL1
Tumor types (n° of pts) breast (11) lung (7) ovarian (7) colorectal (4) pancreatic (3) prostatic (3) uterine (2) retinoblastoma (2) colangiocarcinoma (2) gastric (2) sarcoma (1) oral (1) pharinx (1) larinx (1) wilms (1) glioblastoma (1) DISCUSSION metastasis.