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Page 4 of 10 Schulze et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2020;6:42 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2020.79

Table 1. List of exosomal bioactive molecules involved in various cancer progression
Exosome cargos Function in cancer progression
MicroRNAs
miR-122 Promotes metastasis [15]
miR-9 Promotes tumor angiogenesis [16]
miR-105 Induces vascular leakiness and promoting metastasis [17]
miR-135b Enhances angiogenesis [18]
miR-93-5P Promotes the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells [19]
miR-132 Promotes angiogenesis [20]
miR-23 Enhances angiogenesis and vascular permeability [21]
miR-200 Promotes cancer cell metastasis [22]
miR-126 Promotes the anti-tumor response [23]
miR-92a Regulates hepatic pre-metastatic niche in lung cancer [24]
miR-210 Increases angiogenesis and tumor progression [25]
miR-221 Promotes oncogenic activity in gastric cancer [26]
miR-141 Associates with the presence of cancer [27]
miR-375 Associates with the presence of cancer [27]
miR-494 Enhances angiogenesis through the suppression of PTEN and the Akt/eNOS pathway [28,29]
miR-21 Promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth [30]
miR-103 Promotes tumor progression and angiogenesis [31]
miR-542-3p Regulates tumor growth/Wnt signaling through targeting cdh17 and TRAF4 [29]
miR-19a Metastatic colonization through specifically silencing PTEN [32]
miR-92 Metastatic colonization through specifically silencing PTEN [32]
miR-17 Metastatic colonization through specifically silencing PTEN [32]
miR-373 Raises the invasion and metastasis of tumor [33]
miR-501 confers doxorubicin resistance and tumorigenesis [34]
miR-1247-3p Promotes cancer progression [35]
hsa-miR-940 Induces extensive osteoblastic lesions in the resulting tumors [36]
Long noncoding RNAs
lncRNA-HOTTIP Promotes cisplatin resistance [37]
lncRNA-ZFAS1 Enhances gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration [38]
LncRNAs-MALAT-1 Promotes cell proliferation and migration in non-small cell lung cancer [39]
lncRNA-TUC339 Promotes cell proliferation, clonogenic growth and tumor growth [40]
LncRNA-PART1 Induces gefitinib resistance [41]
LncRNA-UCA1 Enhances UCA1 expression and resistance to cetuximab [42] ; Induce tamoxifen resistance [43]
lncRNA-Sox2ot Promotes EMT and stemness [44]
lincRNA-ROR Suppresses cell apoptosis [45]
lncRNA-AFAP1-AS1 Induces resistance to trastuzumab [46]
lncRNA-ARSR Induces resistance to the sunitinib [47]
lncRNA-SNHG14 Induces resistance to trastuzumab [48]
lncRNA PCSEAT Enhances cellular proliferation and motility [49]
lncRNA-SBF2-AS1 Enhances temozolomide resistance [50]
lncRNA-H19 Enhances resistance of doxorubicin [51]
lncRNA-RP11838N2.4 Promotes erlotinib resistance [52]
Proteins
MIF Initiates pro-metastatic effect [53]
EGFR vIII Activates the VEGF signaling [54]
TGF-β Suppresses T cell proliferation [55]
ANXA6 Facilitates the establishment of lung metastasis [56]
Integrins Promotes cancer progression [57]
Tspan8 Essential for the crosstalk between cancer initiating cells and their surrounding [58]
CD151 Essential for the crosstalk between cancer initiating cells and their surrounding [58]
MICA Prevents NK cell-mediated tumor elimination [59]
TNF-α Induces immune cells death [60]
CEMIP Promotes cancer cell colonization in brain metastasis [61]
PD-L1 Inhibits immune responses [62,63] , promotes tumor growth [64,65]
PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; EMT: epithelial-mesenchymal transition; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; TNF-α:
tumor necrosis factor-α; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; PD-L1: programmed death-ligand 1; EGFR: epidermal growth factor
receptor