Page 49 - Read Online
P. 49

ALHulais et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2019;5:3  I  http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.71                      Page 19 of 23

                   properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104:973-8.
               76.  Schreiber CL, Smith BD. Molecular imaging of aminopeptidase N in cancer and angiogenesis. Contrast Media Mol Imaging
                   2018;2018:5315172.
               77.  Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Liver Cancer: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017;9:
                   pii: E127.
               78.  Nakayama M, Ogasawara S, Akiba J, Ueda K, Koura K, et al. Side population cell fractions from hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
                   increased with tumor dedifferentiation, but lack characteristic features of cancer stem cells. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;29:1092-101.
               79.  Haraguchi N, Ishii H, Mimori K, Tanaka F, Ohkuma M, et al. CD13 is a therapeutic target in human liver cancer stem cells. J Clin Invest
                   2010;120:3326-39.
               80.  Yamashita M, Wada H, Eguchi H, Ogawa H, Yamada D, et al. A CD13 inhibitor, ubenimex, synergistically enhances the effects of
                   anticancer drugs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016;49:89-98.
               81.  Yamanaka C, Wada H, Eguchi H, Hatano H, Gotoh K, et al. Clinical significance of CD13 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)
                   markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018;48:52-60.
               82.  Zheng YB, Gong JH, Liu XJ, Li Y, Zhen YS. A CD13-targeting peptide integrated protein inhibits human liver cancer growth by killing
                   cancer stem cells and suppressing angiogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2017;56:1395-404.
               83.  Hashida H, Takabayashi A, Kanai M, Adachi M, Kondo K, et al. Aminopeptidase N is involved in cell motility and angiogenesis: its clinical
                   significance in human colon cancer. Gastroenterology 2002;122:376-86.
               84.  Al-Kharusi MR, Smartt HJ, Greenhough A, Collard TJ, Emery ED, et al. LGR5 promotes survival in human colorectal adenoma cells and is
                   upregulated by PGE2: implications for targeting adenoma stem cells with NSAIDs. Carcinogenesis 2013;34:1150-7.
               85.  Lebensohn AM, Rohatgi R. R-spondins can potentiate WNT signaling without LGR. Elife 2018;7:e33126.
               86.  Park S, Cui J, Yu W, Wu L, Carmon KS, et al. Differential activities and mechanisms of the four R-spondins in potentiating Wnt/beta-
                   catenin signaling. J Biol Chem 2018;293:9759-69.
               87.  Zhou X, Geng L, Wang D, Yi H, Talmon G, et al. R-Spondin1/LGR5 Activates TGFbeta signaling and suppresses colon cancer metastasis.
                   Cancer Res 2017;77:6589-602.
               88.  Barker N, van Es JH, Kuipers J, Kujala P, van den Born M, et al. Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene
                   Lgr5. Nature 2007;449:1003-7.
               89.  Garcia MI, Ghiani M, Lefort A, Libert F, Strollo S, et al. LGR5 deficiency deregulates Wnt signaling and leads to precocious Paneth cell
                   differentiation in the fetal intestine. Dev Biol 2009;331:58-67.
               90.  Leung C, Tan SH, Barker N. Recent advances in Lgr5(+) stem cell research. Trends Cell Biol 2018;28:380-91.
               91.  Wu C, Xie Y, Gao F, Wang Y, Guo Y, et al. Lgr5 expression as stem cell marker in human gastric gland and its relatedness with other
                   putative cancer stem cell markers. Gene 2013;525:18-25.
               92.  Buczacki SJ, Zecchini HI, Nicholson AM, Russell R, Vermeulen L, et al. Intestinal label-retaining cells are secretory precursors expressing
                   Lgr5. Nature 2013;495:65-9.
               93.  Barker N, van Es JH, Jaks V, Kasper M, Snippert H, et al. Very long-term self-renewal of small intestine, colon, and hair follicles from
                   cycling Lgr5+ve stem cells. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2008;73:351-6.
               94.  Haegebarth A, Clevers H. Wnt signaling, lgr5, and stem cells in the intestine and skin. Am J Pathol 2009;174:715-21.
               95.  Song SJ, Mao XG, Wang C, Han AG, Yan M, et al. LGR5/GPR49 is implicated in motor neuron specification in nervous system. Neurosci
                   Lett 2015;584:135-40.
               96.  Qi C, Zhang J, Chen X, Wan J, Wang J, et al. Hypoxia stimulates neural stem cell proliferation by increasing HIF1alpha expression and
                   activating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2017;63:12-9.
               97.  Nakata S, Campos B, Bageritz J, Bermejo JL, Becker N, et al. LGR5 is a marker of poor prognosis in glioblastoma and is required for
                   survival of brain cancer stem-like cells. Brain Pathol 2013;23:60-72.
               98.  Jang BG, Kim HS, Chang WY, Bae JM, Kim WH, et al. Expression profile of LGR5 and Its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer
                   progression. Am J Pathol 2018;188:2236-50.
               99.  Walker F, Zhang HH, Odorizzi A, Burgess AW. LGR5 is a negative regulator of tumourigenicity, antagonizes Wnt signalling and regulates
                   cell adhesion in colorectal cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2011;6:e22733.
               100.  Morgan RG, Mortensson E, Williams AC. Targeting LGR5 in colorectal cancer: therapeutic gold or too plastic? Br J Cancer 2018;118:1410-8.
               101.  Leng Z, Xia Q, Chen J, Li Y, Xu J, et al. Lgr5+CD44+EpCAM+ strictly defines cancer stem cells in human colorectal cancer. Cell Physiol
                   Biochem 2018;46:860-72.
               102.  Medema JP. Targeting the colorectal cancer stem cell. N Engl J Med 2017;377:888-90.
               103.  Litvinov SV, Velders MP, Bakker HAM, Fleuren GJ, Warnaar SO. Ep-Cam: a human epithelial antigen is a homophilic cell-cell adhesion
                   molecule. J Cell Biol 1994;125:437-46.
               104.  Anderson R, Schaible K, Heasman J, Wylie C. Expression of the homophilic adhesion molecule, Ep-CAM, in the mammalian germ line. J
                   Reprod Fertil 1999;116:379-84.
               105.  van der Gun BT, Melchers LJ, Ruiters MH, de Leij LF, McLaughlin PM, et al. EpCAM in carcinogenesis: the good, the bad or the ugly.
                   Carcinogenesis 2010;31:1913-21.
               106.  Boesch M, Spizzo G, Seeber A. Concise Review: Aggressive colorectal cancer: role of epithelial cell adhesion molecule in cancer stem cells
                   and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018;7:495-501.
               107.  Huang L, Yang Y, Yang F, Liu S, Zhu Z, et al. Functions of EpCAM in physiological processes and diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med
                   2018;42:1771-85.
               108.  Kempers MJ, Kuiper RP, Ockeloen CW, Chappuis PO, Hutter P, et al. Risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers in EPCAM deletion-
                   positive Lynch syndrome: a cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2011;12:49-55.
               109.  Basak S, Speicher D, Eck S, Wunner W, Maul G, et al. Colorectal carcinoma invasion inhibition by CO17-1A/GA733 antigen and its
   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54