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markers with diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Since participants. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of
Feyrter have discovered the neuroendocrine equivalent Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Towards a Standardized Approach
to the Diagnosis of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine
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has not been found yet. We are hopeful that in the 12. Oberg K, Modlin IM, De Herder W, Pavel M, Klimstra D, Frilling
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developed for NETs giving more reliable diagnostic and 2015;16:435-46.
prognostic information. The road is long and new, robust 13. Lawrence B, Gustafsson BI, Kidd M, Pavel M, Svejda B, Modlin
prospective studies in different neuroendocrine tumors IM. The clinical relevance of chromogranin A as a biomarker for
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settings are required before new accurate biomarkers are Clin North Am 2011;40:111-34.
validated and implemented into routine clinical practice. 14. Modlin IM, Gustafsson BI, Moss SF, Pavel M, Tsolakis AV, Kidd
M. Chromogranin A-biological function and clinical utility in neuro
endocrine tumor disease. Ann Surg Oncol 2010;17:2427-43.
Financial support and sponsorship 15. Giusti M, Sidoti M, Augeri C, Rabitti C, Minuto F. Effect of short-
Nil. term treatment with low dosages of the proton-pump inhibitor
omeprazole on serum chromogranin A levels in man. Eur J
Conflicts of interest Endocrinol 2004;150:299-303.
There are no conflicts of interest. 16. Yang X, Yang Y, Li Z, Cheng C, Yang T, Wang C, Liu L, Liu S.
Diagnostic value of circulating chromogranin a for neuroendocrine
tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One
Patient consent 2015;10:e0124884.
No patient involved. 17. Zatelli MC, Torta M, Leon A, Ambrosio MR, Gion M, Tomassetti
P, De Braud F, Delle Fave G, Dogliotti L, degli Uberti EC; Italian
Ethics approval CromaNet Working Group. Chromogranin A as a marker of
neuroendocrine neoplasia: an Italian Multicenter Study. Endocr
This article does not contain any studies with human Relat Cancer 2007;14:473-82.
participants or animals. 18. Bajetta E, Ferrari L, Martinetti A, Celio L, Procopio G, Artale
S, Zilembo N, Di Bartolomeo M, Seregni E, Bombardieri E.
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