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Table 1. Tumor suppressor miRNAs in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Biological effect Gene targets

miRNA Tissue Prognosis Experimentally In silico Current status
predicted
expression In vitro In vivo
validated (number of
genes)
Inhibit cell proliferation and migration/invasion
#
miR- Low - Inhibits - CDH1, ZEB1, ZEB2 - In vitro
205 [9] migration/invasion
miR-29c- - High Inhibits - DNMT1, DNMT3A, CTRP8 In vitro
[10]
5p expression = • Proliferation DNMT3B CTRP1,
better survival •Migration/ CTRP8, Adiponectin
invasion
miR-223- Low - Inhibits migration - STMN1 - In vitro
[11]
3p Induces tubulin
acetylation
miR- Low - Inhibits - HMGA1 - In vitro
[12]
1294 • Proliferation
•Migration/invasion
• MPM cell
stemness
Induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
miR-1- Low - Inhibits - • PIM1 BDNF, DDX3X, In vitro
[13,14]
3p • Proliferation YWHAZ, and 29
• total genes common
Migration/invasion across target
Induces databases
• G1/S cell cycle
arrest
• Apoptosis
Associated with p53 signaling
mir-145- Low High Inhibits Tumor • c-MYC, MDM2, OCT4 - Subcutaneous
[21,22]
5p expression = • Proliferation suppression xenograft*
better survival •Migration/invasion
• Drug resistance
• Induces
senescence

miR-215- Low High Inhibits proliferation Tumor • MDM2, CDC7, - Intrapleural and
[22,51,52]
5p expression = Induces suppression MAD2L1, LMNB2, subcutaneous
better survival • G1/S cell cycle BIRC5, RUNX1, EFNB2 xenograft
arrest
• Apoptosis
Improves Cisplatin
efficacy
miR-34a- Low No Inhibits - • c-MET - In vitro
5p [24,26,53] • Proliferation
•Migration/invasion
• Drug resistance
miR-34b- Low No Inhibits Tumor • c-MET, c-MYC, CDK4, - Subcutaneous
5p • Proliferation suppression CDK6, CCND1, CCNE2, xenograft
miR-34c- •Migration/invasion BCL2, E2F3
5p [27-29,54] Induces
• G1/S cell cycle
arrest
• Apoptosis
• Radiosensitivity

Inhibit immune checkpoints
miR-15a- Low No Inhibits Proliferation - • PD-L1 - In vitro
[33]
5p
miR-15b- Low No Inhibits - • PD-L1, BCL-2 - In vitro
5p [24,33,34] • Proliferation