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patients from receiving knowingly ineffective regimens.

A number of assays are currently available to distinguish between patients with a high likelihood of
responding to standard treatment versus those almost certainly to fail. Nonetheless, these patients are
generally treated exactly the same. In the near future, patients will be assessed prior to therapy with respect
to molecular signatures [53,54] , circulating tumor DNA , total metabolic tumor volume , next-generation
[56]
[55]
sequencing and others to determine for whom conventional treatments are satisfactory, or, alternatively,
[57]
which patients should be referred directly to investigational studies . To be sure, the burgeoning number
[58]
of increasingly effective drugs and cellular therapies should provide convincing evidence that patients with
lymphoid malignancies can look forward to the reality of an improved outcome in a chemo-free world.
DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
The author contributed solely to the article.

Availability of data and materials
Not available.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
The author consults or participates in advisory boards with Abbvie, ADC Therapeutics, AstraZeneca,
Beigene, Epizyme, Genmab, Incyte, Lilly, Morphosys, Karyopharm, Pharmacyclics, Kite, Merck, Symbio. He
is on speakers bureaus for Beigene, Incyte, Morphosys.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022.

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