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Atmaja et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2021;7:xx https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2021.66 Page 11 of 14

revealed potential predictive biomarkers, but further data is required before these can be used to aid clinical
decision-making.

Ongoing research trials will likely continue to discover new and improved combination therapies which will
further expand our capabilities of treating mRCC successfully. If we can predict who will respond to these
therapies, by integrating valid biomarker data into existing prognostic tools, the development of more
robust individualized RCC treatment plans will become a real possibility in the future.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Made substantial contributions to literature review required for the manuscript as well as writing and
editing it: Atmaja B, Wood I
Contributed to writing and editing the manuscript: Suyanto S, Sawhney P, Michael A, Pandha HS
Authors contributed equally.

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
Suyanto S is employed by Eisai Ltd., but this review paper does not represent the view of Eisai Ltd.
Suyanto S is affiliated with Royal Surrey County Hospital. The remaining authors declared that there are no
conflicts of interest

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2021.

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