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Bellu et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2021;7:29 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2021.89 Page 5 of 8

Table 2. Univariate analysis for progression free survival and overall survival
Variable PFS OS
ECOG PS P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
0-1 34.6 8.7-60.6 42.0 27.7-56.3
≥ 2 3.4 0.69-6.2 8.9 5.5-12.39
MGMT status P = 0.05 P = 0.009
Methylated 41.6 8.35-74.9 52.7 40.4-54.6
Unmethylated 8.9 1.25-16.5 14.6 7.9-21.4
IDH1 status P = 0.006 P = 0.2
Mutated 52.7 n.a 57.7 n.a
Wild-Type 8.9 0.001-22.9 41.7 n.a
First-line treatment P = 0.2 P = 0.7
TMZ + RT 11.1 6.7-15.6 14.7 14.5-14.9
RT or TMZ alone 19.1 0.00-42.9 30.7 8.7-52.6
Histological subtype P = 0.7 P = 0.8
Astrocytoma 41.6 10.3-72.9 42.0 24.3-59.6
Oligodendroglioma 28.6 9.3-48.0 52.7 n.a.
Best response P < 0.0001 P < 0.0001
PD 2.7 1.3-4.1 4.0 2.69-14.6
SD 19.1 7.3-30.9 30.7 23.0-49.1
PR + CR 41.6 24.03-59.2 38.5 33.0-59.0
Second-line treatment P = 0.04
Yes 30.7 6.8-54.5
No 6.5 0.01-13.8
ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; PFS: progression free survival; OS: overall survival; PS: performance status; IDH1: isocitrate
dehydrogenase 1; RT: radiation therapy; TMZ: temozolomide; MGMT: O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase; PD: progressive disease; SD:
stable disease; PR: partial response; CR: complete response; n.a.: not available.

Figure 1. FLAIR magnetic resonance images of a patient with diffuse astrocytoma before (A) and after (B) biopsy, and subsequent
temozolomide treatment showing a partial response according to the RANO criteria for low-grade gliomas. FLAIR: Fluid-attenuated
inversion recovery; RANO: Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology.

Based on a recent literature review by Carroll et al. , the median OS in GC is between 14.5 and 30 months,
[4]
with an average of 21 months. Due to its heterogeneous nature, it is still difficult to define clear prognostic
factors, although several studies have investigated them: a recent review reports that young age, low-grade
histology, good PS, 1p19q codeletion, O6-methylguanin-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter
methylation, and IDH1-R132H-mutation seem to correlate with longer survival . In fact, Desestret et al.
[6]
[5]