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Tanasanvimon. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:57                   Journal of Cancer
               DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2018.38                           Metastasis and Treatment




               Review                                                                        Open Access


               Molecular biomarkers in current management of
               metastatic colorectal cancer


               Suebpong Tanasanvimon

               Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn
               Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
               Correspondence to: Dr. Suebpong Tanasanvimon, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of
               Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, 1873 Rama IV rd. Pathumwan,
               Bangkok, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. E-mail: surbpong@yahoo.com
               How to cite this article: Tanasanvimon S. Molecular biomarkers in current management of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Cancer
               Metastasis Treat 2018;4:57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.38
               Received: 15 Jun 2018    First Decision: 9 Jul 2018    Revised: 21 Aug 2018    Accepted: 24 Oct 2018    Published: 21 Nov 2018

               Science Editor: Guo-Feng Xie    Copy Editor: Cai-Hong Wang    Production Editor: Zhong-Yu Guo


               Abstract
               Over the past two decades, the treatment outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have been remarkably
               improved, largely from the evolution of systemic therapy. Also, the molecular biomarkers have played a major role
               in this improvement by their predictive value in current treatment paradigm in mCRC. Currently, extended RAS
               mutation analysis is required for consideration of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in patients with
               mCRC. Several uncommon gene alterations have emerged as the potential targets for their matched molecular
               targeted therapy. Although, most patients with mCRC do not derive benefit from immunotherapy. By using
               microsatellite instability or mismatch repair test, we are now able to identify a small subgroup of patients with
               mCRC who have a very good response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. With the increasing number of required
               biomarkers in mCRC management, multiplex gene panel testing is now replacing single gene testing strategy.
               In patients accessible to matched molecular targeted therapy, especially for clinical trials, the comprehensive
               genomic profiling might be the preferred testing method. Although, it is potentially benefit in mCRC treatment, the
               liquid biopsy is not yet clinically applicable. The optimal utilization of molecular biomarker testing is required for
               best treatment outcomes in individual patients.

               Keywords: Molecular biomarkers, metastatic colorectal cancer, treatment



               INTRODUCTION
               Over the past two decades, the treatment outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have been
               significantly improved, largely because of the evolution of systemic therapy. Although chemotherapy is

                           © The Author(s) 2018. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
                           International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
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