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Makuuchi et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:26  I  http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.15                         Page 3 of 9

               Table 1. Summary of studies on pancreaticoduodenectomy for gastric cancer

                                                Blood  Operation                            Overall   P value
                Authors    Patients  Morbidity Mortality loss   time   Overall   P value  Subset analysis  survival   by
                             (n)                 (mL)  (min)  survival                      by subset   subset
                                                                                            analysis  analysis
                Yonemura et al. [8]  PD = 26 23%*  0%  1600  288  NR  NR  Duodenal inv.  PD vs. non- NR  NS
                                                                         cases only  PD
                           Non-PD  3%*   3%     1200  216    NR          pN3 cases   PD vs. non- 33%   < 0.05
                           = 63                                          only     PD      vs. 17%
                                                                                           (5-year)
                                                                         Pancreatic inv.  PD vs. non- 55% vs. 0%  < 0.01
                                                                         cases only  PD    (5-year)
                                                                         Stage IV   PD vs. non- 44% vs. 20%   < 0.05
                                                                         cases only  PD    (5-year)
                Hirose et al. [9]  PD = 10 70%  0%  1402  580  40%   NS  pSI cases only PD vs. non- 19 vs. 9   0.0478**
                                                             (5-year)             PD       months
                                                                                           (MST)
                           Non-PD  32%   0%     563  330     45%         pN3 cases   PD vs. non- 19 vs 20   NS
                           = 69                              (5-year)    only     PD       months
                                                                                           (MST)
                Ajisaka et al. [10]  PD = 22 NR  NR  NR  NR  35%   NS    Length of   < 30 mm vs.  21.2% vs.   NS
                                                             (5-year)    duodenal inv. ≥ 30 mm  26%
                                                                                           (5-year)
                                                                                                        a
                           Non-PD  NR    NR     NR   NR      16%         Duodenal inv.  Mucosal   28% vs. 9.2%  0.058 ,
                                                                                                         b
                           = 47                              (5-year)    type     type vs.   vs. 0%   < 0.001 ,
                                                                                  submucosal  (5-year)  0.304 c
                                                                                  type vs.
                                                                                  nodal type
                                                                         R0 cases only PD vs.   37.3% vs.   NS
                                                                                  non-PD   33.8% (5-
                                                                                           year)
                Saka et al. [11]  PD = 23 74%  0%  1600  480  34%        R0 vs. R1/2  R0 vs. R1/2  47.4% vs. 0%  0.035
                                                             (5-year)                      (5-year)
                           Non-PD  NR    NR     NR   NR      28%
                           = 45                              (5-year)
                Lee et al. [12]  PD = 25 32%  0%  NR  349.5  15.8%   NR  NR
                                                             (5-year)
                Chan et al. [13]  PD = 7  43%  0%  600  480  60%   NR    NR
                                                             (5-year)
                Nunobe et al. [14]  PD with  13%*  13%  1700  535  7.7%   0.014  Pancreatic inv.  Tumor inv.   NR  0.324
                           ≥7 LN =                           (5-year)    pattern  vs. lymph
                           23                                                     node inv.
                           PD with  12.5%*  12.50%  1731  499  50%       Tumor inv.   ≥ 7 LN vs. ≤  NR  0.692
                           ≤ 6 LN =                          (5-year)    cases only  6 LN
                           8
                                                                         Lymph inv.   ≥ 7 LN vs. ≤  NR  < 0.001
                                                                         cases only  6 LN
                Wang et al. [15]  PD = 17 71%  0%  NR  NR    34%   0.0064 NR
                                                             (3-year)
                           Non-PD  NR    NR     NR   NR      6%
                           = 36                              (3-year)
                Min et al. [16]  PD = 9  22%  11.10%  NR  420   0%   0.013  NR
                                                             (5-year)
                           Non-PD  31%   0%     NR   254     27.4%
                           = 58                              (5-year)
                Ryu et al. [17]  PD = 16 31.3%  6.30%  NR  NR  12.5%   NR  R0 vs. R1/2  R0 vs. R1/2  15.4% vs. 0%  0.458
                                                             (5-year)                      (5-year)
                                                                         Postoperative  Chemo vs.   22.2% vs. 0%  < 0.01
                                                                         chemo    no-chemo  (5-year)
                Present study  PD = 24 87.5% $  8.3%  1218  449  27.5%   NR  R0 vs. R1  R0 vs. R1  38.8% vs. 0%  0.078
                                                             (5-year)                      (5-year)
                                                                         R0 cases only Pancreatic   54.5% vs. 0%  0.048
                                                                                  inv. vs.   (5-year)
                                                                                  duodenal
                                                                                  inv.
                                                                                  diff. vs.   68.6% vs. 0%  0.004
                                                                                  undiff.  (5-year)
               *Pancreatic fistula only; **by Wilcoxon test;  mucosal vs. submucosal type;  mucosal vs. nodal type;  submcosal vs. nodal type;  Clavien-
                                                                                                    $
                                             a
                                                                 b
                                                                                  c
               Dindo Grade II or more. PD: pancreaticoduodenectomy; NR: not reported; LN: lymph node metastasis; NS: not significant; MST: median
               survival time; OS: overall survival; inv.: invasion; chemo: chemotherapy; diff.: differentiated adenocarcinoma; undiff.: undifferentiated
               adenocarcinoma
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