Page 94 - Read Online
P. 94

Page 8 of 10                                   Liao et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:3  I  http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2017.63


               between basic scientists and clinical oncologists will require for the success implementation of a cancer
               biotherapy program. Despite these challenges, it is becoming a fascinating treatment mode in the fighting
               cancer and its further development in the near future is anticipated.


               DECLARATIONS
               Authors’ contributions
               Both authors contributed equally to this commentary article.

               Financial support and sponsorship
               None.

               Conflicts of interest
               There are no conflicts of interest.

               Patient consent
               Not applicable.


               Ethics approval
               Not applicable.

               Copyright
               © The Author(s) 2018.



               REFERENCES
               1.   Leach DR, Krummel MF, Allison JP. Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade. Science 1996;271:1734-6.
               2.   Oldham RK. Cancer biotherapy: more than immunotherapy. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017;32:111-4.
               3.   Cong L, Ran FA, Cox D, Lin S, Barretto R, Habbib N, Hsu PD, Wu X, Jiang W, Marraffini LA, Zhang F. Multiplex genome
                   engineering using CRISPER/Cas systems. Science 2013;339:819-23.
               4.   Currie GA. Eighty years of immunotherapy: a review of immunological methods used for treatment of human cancer. Brit J Cancer
                   2012;26:141-53.
               5.   Markus MY, Sykes M. Tolerance and cancer: mechanisms of tumor envision and strategies for breaking tolerance. J Clin Oncol
                   2004;22:1136-51.
               6.   Von Epps HL. Rules of engagement: the discovery of MHC restriction. J Exp Med 2005;201:665.
               7.   Chin LT, Chu C, Chen HM, Wang DW, Liao SK. Immune intervention with monoclonal antibodies targeting to CD152 (CTLA-4) for
                   autoimmune and malignant diseases. Chang Gung Med J 2008;31:1-15.
               8.   Couzin-Frankel J. Breakthrough of the year 2013. Cancer immunotherapy. Science 2013;342:1432-3.
               9.   Chen DS, Mellman I. Element of cancer immunity and cancer-immune set point. Nature 2017;541:321-30.
               10.  Chen M, Chen Y, Xiao W, Sun R, Tian Z. NK cell-based immunotherapy for malignant diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2013;10:230-52.
               11.  Rosenberg SA, Lotz MT, Muul LM, Leitman S, Chang AE, Ettinghansen SE, Matory YL, Skibber JM, Shilone E, Vetto JT, Sepp
                   CA. Observations on the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukine-2 to
                   patients with metastatic cancer. N Eng J Med 1985;313:1485-92.
               12.  West WH, Tauer KW, Yanelli JR, Marshall GD, Orr DW, Thurman GB, Oldham RK. Constant-infusion recombinant interleukine-2 in
                   adoptive immunotherapy of advanced cancer. N Eng J Med 1987;316:898-905.
               13.  Schmidt-Wolf IG, Negrin RS, Kiem HP, Blume KG, Weissman IL. Use of a SCID mouse/human lymphoma model to evaluate
                   cytokine-induced killer cells with potent antitumor cell activity. J Exp Med 1991;174:139-49.
               14.  Rosenberg SA, Packard BS, Aebersold PM, Solomon D, Topalian SL, Toy ST, Simon P, Lotze MT, Yang JC, Seipp CA, Simpson
                   C, Carter C, Bock S, Schwartzentruber D, Wei JP, White DE. Use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin 2 in the
                   immunotherapy of patients with metastatic melanoma. N Eng J Med 1988;319:1676-80.
               15.  Albert ML, Sauter B, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I restricted CTLs. Nature
                   1998;392:86-9.
               16.  Tarte K, Klein B. Dendritic cell-based vaccine: a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. Leukemia 1999;13:653-63.
               17.  Fisher JP, Heuijerjans J, Yan M, Gustafsson K, Anderson J. γδT cells for cancer immunotherapy: a systemic review of clinical trials.
                   Oncoimmunology 2014;3:e27572.
               18.  Imai C, Iwamoto S, Campana D. Gnetic modification of primary natural killer cells overcome inhibitory signals and induces specific
                   killing leukemic cells. Blood 2005;106:376-83.
   89   90   91   92   93   94   95   96   97   98   99