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Author Instructions
● Level one headings: they should be in bold, and numbered using Arabic numbers, such as 1. INTRODUCTION, and 2.
METHODS, with all letters capitalized;
● Level two headings: they should be in bold and numbered after the level one heading, such as 2.1 Statistical analyses,
2.2 ..., 2.3..., etc., with the first letter capitalized;
● Level three headings: they should be italicized, and numbered after the level two heading, such as 2.1.1 Data
distributions,and 2.1.2 outliers and linear regression, with the first letter capitalized.
2.4.13 Text Layout
As the electronic submission will provide the basic material for typesetting, it is important to prepare papers in the general
editorial style of the journal.
● The font is Times New Roman;
● The font size is 12pt;
● Single column, 1.5× line spacing;
● Insert one line break (one Return) before the heading and paragraph, if the heading and paragraph are adjacent, insert a
line break before the heading only;
● No special indentation;
● Alignment is left end;
● Insert consecutive line numbers;
● For other details please refer to the Manuscript Templates.
2.5 Submission Link
Submit an article via https://www.oaecenter.com/login?JournalId=ir
3. Research and Publication Ethics
3.1 Research Involving Animals
Experimental research on animals should be approved by an appropriate ethics committee and must comply with
institutional, national, or international guidelines. IR encourages authors to comply with the AALAS Guidelines, the
ARRIVE Guidelines, and/or the ICLAS Guidelines, and obtain prior approval from the relevant ethics committee.
Manuscripts must include a statement indicating that the study has been approved by the relevant ethical committee and the
whole research process complies with ethical guidelines. If a study is granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval,
the name of the ethics committee granting the exemption and the reason(s) for the exemption should be detailed. Editors
will take account of animal welfare issues and reserve the right to reject a manuscript, especially if the research involves
protocols that are inconsistent with commonly accepted norms of animal research.
3.2 Research Involving Human Subjects
All studies involving human subjects must be in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and seek approval to conduct the
study from an independent local, regional, or national review body (e.g., ethics committee, institutional review board, etc.).
Such approval, including the names of the ethics committee, institutional review board, etc., must be listed in a declaration
statement of Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate in the manuscript. If the study is judged exempt from ethics
approval, related information (e.g., name of the ethics committee granting the exemption and the reason for the exemption)
must be listed. Further documentation on ethics should also be prepared, as Editors may request more detailed information.
Manuscripts with suspected ethical problems will be investigated according to COPE Guidelines.
3.2.1 Consent to Participate
For all studies involving human subjects, informed consent to participate in the studies must be obtained from participants,
or their parents or legal guardians for children under 16. Statements regarding consent to participate should be included in a
declaration statement of Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate in the manuscript. If informed consent is not required,
the name of the ethics committee granting the exemption and the reason for the exemption must be listed. If any ethical
violation is found at any stage of publication, the issue will be investigated seriously based on COPE Guidelines.
3.2.2 Consent for Publication
All articles published by OAE are freely available on the Internet. All manuscripts that include individual participants’
data in any form (i.e., details, images, videos, etc.) will not be published without Consent for Publication obtained from that
person(s), or for children, their parents or legal guardians. If the person has died, Consent for Publication must be obtained
from the next of kin. Authors must add a declaration statement of Consent for Publication in the manuscript, specifying
written informed consent for publication has been obtained.
3.2.3 Ethical Approval and Informed Consent for Retrospective/Database Studies
Researchers must confirm they have obtained ethical approval from ethical review boards to perform the study, as well as
permission from the dataset owner to use the information in databases for the purposes of the research they are performing.
If permission to use information from a database is not required (e.g., it is publicly available and unrestricted re-use is
permitted under an open license), a statement explaining this must be included in the manuscript. For studies which ethics
approval has been waived, authors must state clearly in the manuscript and provide brief details of the waive policy. The
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