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Yang et al. Hepatoma Res 2020;6:31 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2019.45 Page 5 of 8

< 0.001 < 0.05 < 0.001 0.008

Annual incidence: 1.9% for patients with SVR vs. 11.5% for patients without SVR Per-month incidence: 0.2% for patients with SVR vs. 1.7% for patients without SVR Annual incidence: 1.3% for patients with SVR vs. 59% for patients without SVR Annual incidence: 2.04% for patients with DAAs vs. 5.04% for untreated patients

DAAs, 9; Untreated, 23
537 11 17 of HCC development after DAAs treatment [20-36] . We found that these studies could be divided into three categories: (1) DAAs-treated patients vs. untreated from the United Kingdom reported the incidence of liver cancer was 4% at six months after DAAs treatment, comparable with untreated patients. The figures then dropped to 2.5% between month 6-15 after DAAs treatment [20] . Similarly, a study of cirrhotic patients from

1.6 years 10 months 58 weeks DAAs, 1109 days; Untreated, NA patients; (2) DAAs-treated patients vs. IFN-treated patients; and (3) patients with DAAs induced SVR vs. patients with DAAs failure. A number of studies compared the risk of HCC in DAAs-treated patients with untreated patients [20,24,26,31,32,36] . A study of decompensated cirrhotic patients study from the US reported that DAAs therapy reduced risk of HCC compared to no treatment (AHR 0.84,

Advanced liver disease (FIB-4 > 3.25) All stages All stages Cirrhosis HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; DAAs: direct-acting antivirals; SVR: sustained virological response; IFN: interferon highlighted the importance of excluding the presence of HCC before initiation of DAAs treatment.

DAAs, 15,059 DAAs, 323 DAAs, 380 DAAs, 158; Untreated, 184

Retrospective Prospective Prospective Prospective

Backus et al. [33] Buonomo et al. [34] Colussi et al. [35] Ebel et al. [36]