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presentation for APC, recognition and killing of tumor by immune cells, and function restoration of immune
cells. For each of the immunotherapy strategies outlined, precision, accuracy, efficiency, thoroughness, and
safety must be considered. Clinical trials and experiments should be thoroughly designed to derive real
value of clinical testing. Target patients, method of administration, treatment strategy are additional factors
for consideration. In addition, novel drugs and approaches are still expected to be introduced. In conclusion,
there is no doubt that a new era is beginning for HCC treatment, which shines the light of hope in our quest
to conquer cancer.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Designed and drafted the manuscript: He YJ
Reviewed and modified the manuscript: Guo YB, Zhu W, He YK, Hou JL
Read and approved the final manuscript: all authors

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.

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