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Galicia-Moreno et al. Hepatoma Res 2020;6:20 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2019.36 Page 3 of 18

Table 1. Incidence, mortality and prevalence of HCC in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2018
Latin American New cases Deaths 5-year
Country Number Rank (of all types of cancer) Cum. risk Number Rank Cum. risk prevalence
Argentina 2343 16 0.43 2113 9 0.38 1599
Bolivia 678 7 0.64 667 5 0.62 505
Brazil 12,463 12 0.54 11,797 7 0.51 8873
Chile 1582 10 0.64 1448 8 0.58 1060
Colombia 2279 13 0.43 2216 6 0.42 1552
Costa Rica 427 8 0.71 395 5 0.61 303
Cuba 837 17 0.44 773 9 0.39 588
Dominican Republic 718 7 0.77 650 5 0.68 560
Ecuador 979 10 0.54 953 4 0.52 686
El Salvador 514 5 0.71 500 3 0.69 358
Guatemala 1787 4 1.72 1741 1 1.69 1359
Mexico 7265 9 0.63 6868 3 0.60 5434
Peru 2317 10 0.73 2239 4 0.70 1709
Puerto Rico 351 11 0.62 375 5 0.64 245
Venezuela 1193 14 0.40 1152 8 0.38 920
The incidence, mortality and prevalence of HCC in countries belonging to Latin America and the Caribbean are shown. In addition to the
above, the rank that the HCC occupies among all the types of cancer reported for each country is shown. Data obtained from GLOBOCAN
2019. HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1. Map of the estimated hepatitis C virus viremic population in countries from Latin America and the Caribbean. Countries that are
not shown or are in white color do not have available data

From the available data, ranking of the prevalence of HCV (% of total population) in the LAC countries in
2015 were: Puerto Rico (1.0%), Brazil (0.9%), Argentina and Colombia (0.8%), Dominican Republic (0.5%),
[10]
Peru (0.5%), México and Venezuela (0.4%), and Guadeloupe, Panama, Chile and Cuba (0.3%) .

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HCV CHRONIC INFECTION AND HCC
In 2015, the WHO estimated that viral hepatitis accounted for 1.34 million deaths. These deaths resulted
from chronic liver disease (720,000 due to cirrhosis) and primary liver cancer (470,000 cases). Each year, the
number of deaths related to viral hepatitis has been growing and is represented by the increase in mortality
[11]
related to viral hepatitis by 22% since 2000 .
Around 75% of people exposed to HCV infection will not be able to eradicate the virus - 60%-70% of them
will develop chronic liver diseases and of the remainder, 5%-20% will develop cirrhosis over a period of
[12]
20-30 years and 1%-5% will die from cirrhosis or HCC .