Page 71 - Read Online
P. 71

Chia et al. Hepatoma Res 2019;5:9                                Hepatoma Research
               DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2018.112


               Review                                                                        Open Access


               Molecular diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma:
               trends in biomarkers combination to enhance early
               cancer detection


               Tiong Sun Chia, Kwong Fai Wong, John M. Luk

               Arbele Limited, Hong Kong Science & Technology Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.

               Correspondence to: Dr. John M. Luk, Rm 522, Biotech Center 2, 11W Science Park Ave, Hong Kong Science & Technology Park, Shatin,
               New Territories, Hong Kong. E-mail: dr.johnluk@gmail.com

               How to cite this article: Chia TS, Wong KF, Luk JM. Molecular diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: trends in biomarkers combination
               to enhance early cancer detection. Hepatoma Res 2019;5:9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2018.112

               Received: 3 Dec 2018    First Decision: 9 Jan 2019    Revised: 22 Feb 2019    Accepted: 25 Feb 2019    Published: 29 Mar 2019

               Science Editor: Jin-Lin Hou     Copy Editor: Cai-Hong Wang    Production Editor: Huan-Liang Wu




               Abstract
               Despite of the advances in clinical imaging and applied research in proteomic biomarkers, liver cancer, especially
               hepatocellular carcinoma remains detected at the very late and advanced stages when curable treatments are unavailable
               and ineffective. In this regard, there are still huge unmet medical needs in developing and clinically validating those high-
               potential protein biomarkers preferably in liquid biopsy samples. This review provides a glimpse of emerging biomarkers
               together with detection tools and techniques which are potentially commercially available to the markets. We also
               discuss several diagnostic biomarkers having therapeutic potential for developing first-in-class medicines.

               Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, biomarkers, targets, α-fetoprotein, cadherin-17, Yes-associated protein, AXL,
               Trop2



               INTRODUCTION
               Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-
                                    [1]
               related deaths worldwide . The prognosis of HCC is generally poor, especially for late-stage malignancies,
               but a cure is possible if it is diagnosed at the early stages. In fact, 5-year survival for early stage HCC after
                                               [2]
               curative treatments is as high as 70% . This highlights the uttermost importance of having a convenient,
               accurate and affordable diagnostic technique for early stage HCC.



                           © The Author(s) 2019. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
                           International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
                sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as long
                as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license,
                and indicate if changes were made.


                                                                                                                                                    www.hrjournal.net
   66   67   68   69   70   71   72   73   74   75   76