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Chen et al. Hepatoma Res 2018;4:72 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2018.103 Page 5 of 16

Table 2. Cohort studies on hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance
Author, year Study Surveillance Study Sample Continent Etiology Stage at diag- Mortality Survival Treatment
design modality period size (%) nosis (%) (%) received
(S vs. NS) (%)
Chiang et al. [65] , Retro- ≥ 3 vs. < 3 1997-2010 1,472 vs. Asia Cirrhosis: NA NA 5-year: 14.4 Resection:
2017 spec- US within 2 3,149 (Taiwan, 80.4 vs. 65 vs. 7.7 (P < 15 vs. 10.9
tive years of HCC China) HBV: 0.001) RFA: 6.9 vs.
dx 42.1 vs. 35.5 2.3
HCV: PEI: 6.4 vs.
42.1 vs. 21 16.6
LTx: 0.1 vs.
0.4
TACE: 18.5
vs. 30.8
Chemo 37.1
vs. 46
RT: 20.5 vs.
22.7
Chaiteerakij et al. [63] , Retro- ≥ 1 US within 2007-2013 103 vs. Asia Cirrhosis: BCLC: Adju Median Curative Tx
2017 spec- 1 year of HCC 343 (Thailand) 96.1 vs. A: 80.6 vs. HR: 0.63 survival (resection,
tive dx 93.6 33.8 (0.45- (months): RFA, LTx,
HBV: B: 12.6 vs. 39.1 0.87) (P = 49.6 vs. PEI):
61.2 vs. 52.2 C 4.9 vs. 26.2 0.005) 15.9 (P < 73.8 vs.
HCV: (P < 0.001) 0.0001) 44.9
25.2 vs. 17.8 (P < 0.001)
Alcohol
6.8 vs. 12.2
NASH:
3.9 vs. 11.1
[21]
Singal et al. , Retro- Imaging (US, 2012-2013 157 vs. United Cirrhosis: BCLC: 1-year mor- Median Curative:
2017 spec- CEUS, CT, 217 States all A: 63.1 vs. 36.4 tality 22.3 survival 30.6 vs. 13
tive MRI), within HCV: B: 15.3 vs. 12.4 vs. 39.6 (months):
6 months of 67.5 vs. C: 6.4 vs. 29 (P < 0.001) 14.6 vs. 6;
HCC dx 49.8 D: 15.3 vs. 22.1 Survival:
HBV: (P < 0.001) 1-year: 75.3
5.1 vs. 6.5 vs. 53.4
Alcohol: 3-year: 68.7
12.7 vs. 16.1 vs. 35.5
NAFLD:
12.1 vs. 16.1
Others:
2.6 vs. 11.5
Mittal et al. [66] , Retro- ≥ 2 Imag- 2005- 412 vs. United Cirrhosis: BCLC: Adj HR Median Curative:
2016 spec- ing (US, CT, 2010 475 States all 0/A: 27.2 vs. 0.80 survival 20.9 vs.
tive MRI) +/- HBV: 11.6 (0.69- (months): 11.6
AFP within 2 4.6 vs. 4.6 B: 22.8 vs. 22.1 0.94) 16.8 vs. 9.9 Palliative:
years of HCC HCV: C: 26.5 vs. 35.4 Adj for: 59.2 vs.
dx 86.9 vs. D: 24.2 vs. 15 HCC stage, 45.5
70.1 Tx
Alcohol:
90.3 vs.
86.7
NAFLD:
6 vs. 21
a
Oeda et al. [20] , Retro- US + AFP/ 2004- 226 vs. Asia (Ja- Cirrhosis: I : 31.4 vs. 9.3 NA Median Resection:
2016 spec- DCP/AFP-L3 2012 107 pan) all II: 37.6 vs. 23.4 survival 27.9 vs. 27.1
tive +/- imaging HBV: III: 26.5 vs. 42.1 (months, RFA 49.1 vs.
(CT/MRI) 10.6 vs. IV: 4.4 vs. 25.2 corrected 14
26.2 (P < 0.001) for lead- TACE 21.2
HCV: time bias): vs. 42.1
89.4 vs. 56.5 vs. 31.4 Others: 1.8
73.8 (P = 0.011) vs. 16.8
(P < 0.001)
1-year: Curative:
81.8 vs. OR 3.213
48.9 (1.615-
3-year: 6.319, P =
67.9 vs. 58.1 0.001)
5-year 36.6
vs. 34.7
(P < 0.001)