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Carvalho et al. Hepatoma Res 2018;4:15 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2018.13 Page 5 of 6

The majority of the clinical information was obtained from patient records, and some of the patients
presented incomplete data.

In conclusion, the frequency of HCC-NC in these Brazilian patients was elevated and more commonly
observed in men. HCV, NASH, and HBV were the most frequent risk factors associated with HCC-NC.
These data contribute to discussions on future protocols and criteria for the early diagnosis and treatment of
HCC patients with chronic liver disease without cirrhosis.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Concept and design: Cotrim HP
Data acquisition: Carvalho KSD, Fonseca LE
Data analysis: Carvalho KSD, Cotrim HP
Manuscript preparation: Carvalho KSD, Cotrim HP
Critical revision and finalizing of the manuscript: Cotrim HP

Data source and availability
The data were strictly obtained from medical records according to the privacy policy and ethics code of our
institute.

Financial support and sponsorship
None.

Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.

Patient consent
Consents from all of the patients were established prior to submission and all records were confidential.

Ethics approval
The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee and Research at Bahia School of Medicine,
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2018.

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