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Author Instructions

find conclusive evidence of misconduct before or after publication. OAE has a partnership with iThenticate, which
is the most trusted similarity checker. It is used to analyze received manuscripts to avoid plagiarism to the greatest
extent possible. When plagiarism becomes evident after publication, we will retract the original publication or require
modifications, depending on the degree of plagiarism, context within the published article, and its impact on the overall
integrity of the published study. Journal Editors will act under the relevant COPE Guidelines.

4. Authorship
Authorship credit of CDR journals should be solely based on substantial contributions to a published study, as specified in
the following four criteria:
1. Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data
for the work;
2. Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;
3. Final approval of the version to be published;
4. Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity
of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
All those who meet these criteria should be identified as authors. Authors must specify their contributions in the section
Authors’ Contributions of their manuscripts. Contributors who do not meet all the four criteria (like only involved in
acquisition of funding, general supervision of a research group, general administrative support, writing assistance,
technical editing, language editing, proofreading, etc.) should be acknowledged in the section of Acknowledgement in the
manuscript rather than being listed as authors.
If a large multiple-author group has conducted the work, the group ideally should decide who will be authors before the
work starts and confirm authors before submission. All authors of the group named as authors must meet all the four
criteria for authorship.

5. Reviewers Exclusions

You are welcome to exclude a limited number of researchers as potential editors or reviewers of your manuscript. To
ensure a fair and rigorous peer review process, we ask that you keep your exclusions to a maximum of three people. If you
wish to exclude additional referees, please explain or justify your concerns—this information will be helpful for editors
when deciding whether to honor your request.

6. Editors and Journal Staff as Authors
Editorial independence is extremely important and Editorial office staff do not interfere with editorial decisions.
Editorial staff or Editors shall not be involved in the processing their own academic work. Submissions authored by
editorial staff/Editors will be assigned to at least two independent outside reviewers. Decisions will be made by other
Editorial Board members who do not have conflict of interests with the author. Journal staff are not involved in the
processing of their own work submitted to any OAE journals.
7. Conflict of Interests
CDR require authors to declare any possible financial and/or non-financial conflicts of interest at the end of their
manuscript and in the cover letter, as well as confirm this point when submitting their manuscript in the submission
system. If no conflicts of interest exist, authors need to state “The authors declare no conflicts of interest”. We also
recognize that some authors may be bound by confidentiality agreements, in which cases authors need to sate “The
authors declare that they are bound by confidentiality agreements that prevent them from disclosing their competing
interests in this work”.

8. Editorial Process
8.1. Initial check
8.1.1. Initial manuscript check
New submissions are initially checked by the Managing Editor from the perspectives of originality, suitability, structure
and formatting, conflicts of interest, background of authors, etc. Poorly-prepared manuscripts may be rejected at this
stage. If your manuscript does not meet one or more of these requirements, we will return it for further revisions.

8.1.2. Publishing ethics
All manuscripts submitted to CDR are screened using iThenticate powered by CrossCheck to identify any plagiarized
content. Your study must also meet all ethical requirements as outlined in our Editorial Policies. If the manuscript
does not pass any of these checks, we may return it to you for further revisions or decline to consider your study for
publication.