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Author Instructions
6. Editors and Journal Staff as Authors

Editorial independence is extremely important and Editorial office staff do not interfere with editorial decisions.
Editorial staff or Editors shall not be involved in the processing their own academic work. Submissions authored by
editorial staff/Editors will be assigned to at least two independent outside reviewers. Decisions will be made by other
Editorial Board members who do not have conflict of interests with the author. Journal staff are not involved in the
processing of their own work submitted to any OAE journals.
7. Policy of the Use of AI and AI-assisted Technologies in Scientific Writing
Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies (e.g., large language models) are expected to be increasingly used to create
content. In the writing process of manuscripts, using AI and AI-assisted technologies to complete key researcher work,
such as producing scientific insights, analyzing and interpreting data or drawing scientific conclusions, is not allowed,
and they should only be used to improve the readability and language of manuscripts.
AI and AI-assisted technologies should be used under human control and supervision as they may generate incorrect or
prejudiced output, and they should not be listed as an author or co-author, nor cited as an author.
The use of AI and AI-assisted technologies should be disclosed by authors in their manuscripts, and a statement will be
required in the final publication.
OAE will keep monitoring the development and adjust the policy when necessary.

8. Conflict of Interests
CDR require authors to declare any possible financial and/or non-financial conflicts of interest at the end of their
manuscript and in the cover letter, as well as confirm this point when submitting their manuscript in the submission
system. If no conflicts of interest exist, authors need to state “The authors declare no conflicts of interest”. We also
recognize that some authors may be bound by confidentiality agreements, in which cases authors need to sate “The
authors declare that they are bound by confidentiality agreements that prevent them from disclosing their competing
interests in this work”.

9. Editorial Process
9.1 Initial check
9.1.1 Initial manuscript check
New submissions are initially checked by the Managing Editor from the perspectives of originality, suitability, structure
and formatting, conflicts of interest, background of authors, etc. Poorly-prepared manuscripts may be rejected at this
stage. If your manuscript does not meet one or more of these requirements, we will return it for further revisions.

9.1.2 Publishing ethics
All manuscripts submitted to CDR are screened using iThenticate powered by CrossCheck to identify any plagiarized
content. Your study must also meet all ethical requirements as outlined in our Editorial Policies. If the manuscript
does not pass any of these checks, we may return it to you for further revisions or decline to consider your study for
publication.

9.2 Editorial assessment
Once your manuscript has passed the initial manuscript check, it will be assigned to an Assistant Editor, and then the
Editor-in-Chief, or an Editorial Board member in the case of a conflict of interest, will be notified of the submission
and invited to review. Regarding Special Issue paper, after passing the initial check, the manuscript will be successively
assigned to an Assistant Editor, Guest Editor, and then to the Editor-in-Chief, or an Editorial Board member in the case
of conflict of interest for the Editor-in-Chief to review. The Editor-in-Chief, or the Editorial Board member may reject
manuscripts that they deem highly unlikely to pass peer review without further consultation. Once your manuscript has
passed the editorial assessment, the Assistant Editor will start to organize peer-review.

9.3 Process
CDR operates a single-blind review process. The technical quality of the research described in the manuscript is assessed
by a minimum of two independent expert reviewers. The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for the final decision regarding
acceptance or rejection of the manuscript. For controversial manuscripts, the Editor-in-Chief is responsible for making the
final decision.
9.4 Decisions
Your research will be judged on scientific soundness only, not on its perceived impact as judged by Editors or referees.
There are three possible decisions: Accept (your study satisfies all publication criteria), Invitation to Revise (more work
is required to satisfy all criteria), and Reject (your study fails to satisfy key criteria and it is highly unlikely that further
work can address its shortcomings).

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