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Author Instructions

Meeting Meeting Abstracts contain peer Abstracts could / The main text usually /
Abstracts reviewed research output from be a short single has no sections, but
conferences paragraph may include tables,
summarizing the figures, and references.
main topic and
findings presented
at the conference,
or the extension of
a typical abstract
that contains a
moderately detailed
account of the work.
Conference Conference reports are records of None required. None / /
Report the events of a conference, seminar, required.
or meeting. They should provide a
comprehensive overview of a meeting
or session, along with relevant
background information for the reader.
2.3 Manuscript Structure
2.3.1 Front Matter
2.3.1.1 Title
The title of the manuscript should be concise, specific and relevant, with no more than 16 words if possible. When gene or
protein names are included, the abbreviated name rather than full name should be used.

2.3.1.2 Authors and Affiliations
Authors’ full names should be listed. The initials of middle names can be provided. Institutional addresses and email
addresses for all authors should be listed. At least one author should be designated as corresponding author. In addition,
corresponding authors are suggested to provide their Open Researcher and Contributor ID upon submission. Please note
that any change to authorship is not allowed after manuscript acceptance.

2.3.1.3 Abstract
Original research, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses require structured abstracts. The abstract should provide the
context or background for the study and should state the study’s purpose, basic procedures (selection of study participants,
settings, measurements, analytical methods), main findings (giving specific effect sizes and their statistical and clinical
significance, if possible), and principal conclusions. It should emphasize new and important aspects of the study or
observations, note important limitations, and not overinterpret findings. Clinical trial abstracts should include items that the
CONSORT group has identified as essential. It is not allowed to contain results which are not presented and substantiated
in the manuscript, or exaggerate the main conclusions. Citations should not be included in the abstract.

2.3.1.4 Graphical Abstract
The graphical abstract is essential as this can catch first view of your publication by readers. We request the authors submit
an eye-catching figure during the revision stage. It should summarize the content of the article in a concise graphical
form. It is recommended to use it because this can make online articles get more attention. The graphic abstract should be
submitted as a separate document in the online submission system along with the revised version. Please provide an image
with a minimum of 730 × 1,228 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 7 × 12 cm
using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, PSD, AI, JPG, JPEG, EPS, PNG, ZIP and PDF files.
2.3.1.5 Keywords
Three to eight keywords should be provided, which are specific to the article, yet reasonably common within the subject
discipline.

2.3.2 Main Text
Manuscripts of different types are structured with different sections of content. Please refer to Types of Manuscripts to
make sure which sections should be included in the manuscripts.
2.3.2.1 Introduction
Provide a context or background for the study (that is, the nature of the problem and its significance). State the specific
purpose or research objective of, or hypothesis tested by, the study or observation. Cite only directly pertinent references,
and do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported.

2.3.2.2 Methods
The guiding principle of the Methods section should be clarity about how and why a study was done in a particular way. The

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