TY - JOUR AU - Yoon, Soon Joo AU - Park, Jin Tae AU - Yun, Jae Mo AU - Lee, Yoon Kyeung TI - Electrochemical biosensing across microsampled blood and interstitial fluid for metabolic, hormonal, and therapeutic monitoring JO - Soft Science PY - 2026 VL - 6 IS - 2 SP - EP - 40 SN - ISSN 2769-5441 (Online) AB -

Electrochemical biosensing is advancing beyond traditional single-analyte glucose monitoring toward platforms capable of quantifying metabolites, hormones, and therapeutic agents across microsampled blood and continuously accessed interstitial fluid (ISF). Progress in biorecognition chemistry, signal transduction, and skin-integrated interfaces has enabled minimally invasive access to capillary blood and ISF using microneedle-based and implantable devices. ISF-based sensing introduces depth-dependent analyte gradients, ISF-blood transport kinetics, and characteristic signal lag, necessitating sampling-aware sensor design and quantitative models for systemic correlation. We review device architectures that support stable, multi-day operation and outline calibration strategies for predicting blood-equivalent concentrations. Emerging directions include hybrid systems that merge electrochemical detection with complementary modalities, multi-analyte platforms that capture metabolic interdependence, and closed-loop approaches coupling biochemical readout with automated intervention. Together, these advances establish electrochemical biosensing as a core technology for continuous and clinically interpretable biochemical monitoring across blood and ISF.

KW - Electrochemical sensing KW - biointegrated electronics KW - interstitial fluid KW - continuous monitoring KW - metabolites DO - 10.20517/ss.2025.125 UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.125